Nutrient Intake among Children with Autism
Abstract
Questions remain about potential nutrition deficits associated with autism. The purpose of this study was to determine if children with autistic disorder have adequate nutrient intake and if multivitamin use (MVIU) impacts intake. Participants (n=54) in the Autism IMAGE ( I ntegrated M etabolic and G enomic E ndeavor) Study at a local children's hospital completed Block Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) for children ages 2 to 7. FFQ results were compared to Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) and Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR). Mean intakes for % kcals from carbohydrate, protein and fat were within AMDR at 55% (SD=7), 14% (SD=3) and 33% (SD=5), respectively. However, intakes were below DRI for calcium (75% DRI ±45) and vitamins E (77% DRI ±26) and D (25% DRI ±19). A significant, positive relationship was found between MVIU and carbohydrate (p<.05); however, no significant relationships were found between MVIU and calcium, vitamins E or D, calories, protein or fat. Our results show that diets of children with autism are lacking in some micronutrients while macronutrient intake falls within recommended ranges. Supported by 1 Dept of Dietetics & Nutrition and 2 LEND to JJ
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Evidence suggests that a large proportion of children with ASD do not meet vitamin D requirements.
“Evidence suggests that a large proportion of children with ASD do not meet vitamin D requirements [126,132,133,134,135,136].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [133]
Children with ASD may receive less sunlight due to lower outdoor activity and have inadequate intake of vitamin D, i.e., reverse causality.
“Furthermore, children with ASD may receive less sunlight due to lower outdoor activity and have inadequate intake of vitamin D [114,118,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136], i.e., reverse causality.”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [133]
Although these studies illustrated a large proportion of children with ASD not meeting the recommendations for vitamin D intake, they did not find any evidence that dietary intake of vitamin D in children with ASD differed from that of typically developing controls.
“Although these studies illustrated a large proportion of children with ASD not meeting the recommendations for vitamin D intake, they did not find any evidence that dietary intake of vitamin D in children with ASD differed from that of typically developing controls.”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [133]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review
Mazahery, H., Camargo, C., Conlon, C., Beck, K., Kruger, M., & Von Hurst, P. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8040236 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
- Authors
- Moore, E., Crook, T., James, J., Gonzales, D., & Hakkak, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Arkansas Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Hakkak, Reza
- Venue
- The FASEB Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-04
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- S1
- ISSN
- 0892-6638 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-6860
- OpenAlex
- W3174619623
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The FASEB Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, children with autism, nutrient intake, multivitamin use, micronutrient deficiency, calcium intake, vitamin E, vitamin D, macronutrient intake, Dietary Reference Intakes, Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range, dietary assessment
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