Cited by 200Estrogen and related hormone effectsReceptor Mechanisms and SignalingGenomics and Chromatin Dynamics

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The steroid receptor superfamily: mechanisms of diversity

Fuller, Peter J.·1991·The FASEB Journal

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Abstract

The steroid receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors is characterized by marked conservation of both structure and function between the various receptors. Despite their well-documented extensive similarities, these receptors respond to a diverse range of ligands, which results in an even more impressive diversity of function. A variety of strategies is used at each point in the pathway from ligand binding to gene expression to achieve this diversity. The nature of the ligand is important as are the tissue-specific patterns of receptor gene expression, the presence of binding proteins, and the effects of cell- or tissue-specific ligand-modifying enzymes. Once bound to the receptor, the nature of which may vary as a result of either differential splicing or gene duplication yielding multiple isoforms, the activated receptor may form hetero- or homodimers. A complex interplay then occurs between the receptor dimer, other nuclear proteins, the response element, and the promoter complex to regulate gene expression. These elements may vary as a function of the cell type, other stimuli, and the context and sequence of the response element (or elements) in a given gene. By these mechanisms diversity may even be achieved for a given ligand, receptor subtype, gene, or cell. The observations may help to explain certain phenomena in hormone biology that are difficult to reconcile with the previous, simple, univariant model of steroid hormone action.

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Self-citation

Authors: Fuller, P. J.
Affiliations: Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research Prince Henry's Hospital Melbourne Victoria 3004 Australia
Corresponding author: Fuller, Peter J.
ORCID: Fuller, Peter J.
Venue: The FASEB Journal
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1991-12
Volume: 5
Issue: 15
Pages: 3092-3099
ISSN: 0892-6638 (ISSN-L)
1530-6860
DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.5.15.1743440
OpenAlex: W1823225325
Cited by: 200
References: 66
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 10.48
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: The FASEB Journal (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Keywords: steroid hormone receptors, ligand-dependent transcription factors, receptor diversity, ligand binding, tissue-specific gene expression, steroid binding proteins, differential splicing, gene duplication, receptor isoforms, receptor dimerization, response elements, promoter complex, hormone action
MeSH terms: Animals, Base Sequence, DNA-Binding Proteins, Drosophila, Multigene Family, Mammals, Molecular Sequence Data, Receptors, Steroid, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, RNA Splicing, Genetic Variation, Transcriptional Activation

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The steroid receptor superfamily: mechanisms of diversity

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