The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Neuropeptide Y and natural killer cell activity: findings in depression and Alzheimer caregiver stress
Abstract
A reduction in immune function has been found in patients with a major depressive disorder and in persons undergoing severe life stress. This study investigated the association between increased sympathetic nervous system activity and reduced natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity in depression and Alzheimer caregiver stress. NK activity and plasma concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and neuropeptide Y were measured in depressed patients (n = 19) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 19), and in Alzheimer spousal caregivers (n = 48) and matched noncaregiver controls (n = 17). Plasma levels of neuropeptide Y, but not circulating basal levels of catecholamines, were significantly (P less than 0.01) elevated in the depressed patients and in the caregivers compared with respective controls. NK activity was significantly (P less than 0.001) lower in the depressed patients than in their controls, but not different between the caregivers and the noncaregiver controls. Circulating concentrations of neuropeptide Y, but not catecholamines, were inversely correlated (r = -0.31, P less than 0.001) with NK activity. In addition, multiple regression analyses demonstrated that the significant (P less than 0.01) association between neuropeptide Y and natural cytotoxicity was independent of the relative contribution of age and basal and dynamic levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine. These findings suggest that increased sympathetic nervous system activity and the release of neurop…
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“the SNS outflow that occurs in depression (see Irwin et al., 1991) may suppress transcription of antiviral immune response genes (S. W. Cole et al., 1998; Lee et al., 2000), leading to increased susceptibility to viruses”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Irwin et al., 1991
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 Years of inquiry
Segerstrom, S. C., & Miller, G. E. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.601 · Cited by 3,334
Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2003) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.18.2.250 · Cited by 2,857
Uchino, B. N., Cacioppo, J. T., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (1996) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.119.3.488 · Cited by 2,727
Slavich, G. M., & Irwin, M. R. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0035302 · Cited by 2,206
“…earlier, perhaps because of activation of the SNS pathway and increased -adrenergic signaling, the SNS outflow that occurs in depression (see Irwin et al., 1991) may suppress transcription of antiviral immune response genes (S. W. Cole et al., 1998; Lee et al., 2000), leading to increased…”
BackgroundSelf-citationIs caregiving hazardous to one’s physical health? A meta-analysis
Vitaliano, P. P., Zhang, J., & Scanlan, J. M. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.6.946 · Cited by 1,734
Metadata
- Authors
- Irwin, M., Brown, M., Patterson, T., Hauger, R., Mascovich, A., & Grant, I.
- Affiliations
- Veterans Health Administration (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Departments of Psychiatry University of California San Diego
- Corresponding author
- Irwin, Michael
- Venue
- The FASEB Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1991-12
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 3100-3107
- ISSN
- 0892-6638 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-6860
- OpenAlex
- W1500806673
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The FASEB Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (M 44275-02)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH30914)
- National Center for Research Resources (MO1 RR00827, M01RR000827)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- neuropeptide Y, natural killer cells, NK cell cytotoxicity, depression, Alzheimer's disease, caregiver stress, spousal caregivers, sympathetic activity, epinephrine, norepinephrine, catecholamines, immune function, life events
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, Depression, Epinephrine, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Humans, Killer Cells, Natural, Male, Neuropeptide Y, Norepinephrine, Stress, Physiological, Sympathetic Nervous System, Case-Control Studies, Caregivers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
