Defensive freezing evoked by electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal gray: comparison between dorsolateral and ventrolateral regions
Abstract
Previous reports indicated that ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) plays a role in the expression of freezing behavior whereas dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (dlPAG) is involved on both freezing and active forms of defensive behaviors. In order to evaluate the role of each of these areas in the occurrence of defensive reactions, rats were electrically stimulated either in the dlPAG or vlPAG with different stimulus frequencies. Stepwise increases in the electrical stimulation of both dlPAG or vlPAG induced initially freezing and then a jumping response. Freezing induced by vlPAG stimulation had a tendency to disappear when the stimulation was turned off whereas freezing induced by dlPAG stimulation remained high in the absence of the stimulation. These results suggest that dlPAG and vlPAG are involved on defensive freezing probably through different neural circuitries.
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Electrical or chemical stimulation of the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey produces freezing.
“In contrast, electrical or chemical stimulation of the vlPAG produces freezing [58,59].”
From Freeze for action: neurobiological mechanisms in animal and human freezing (2017) · cites this paper as [59]
Cites
Mouton, L. J., & Holstege, G. (1994) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00228745 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
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Freeze for action: neurobiological mechanisms in animal and human freezing
Roelofs, K. (2017) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0206 · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Serotonin, the periaqueductal gray and panic
Graeff, F. G. (2004) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2003.12.004 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Self-citationUpdating freeze: Aligning animal and human research
Hagenaars, M. A., Oitzl, M., & Roelofs, K. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.021 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Lloyd, D. M. (2009) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.09.007 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
- Authors
- Vianna, D. M. L., Graeff, F. G., Brandão, M. L., & Landeira-Fernandez, J.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Venue
- Neuroreport
- Published
- 2001-12
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 4109-4112
- ISSN
- 0959-4965 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2031849235
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroreport (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Keywords
- defensive freezing, periaqueductal gray, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, electrical stimulation, stimulation frequency, defensive behavior, neural circuits, rats
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Male, Motor Neurons, Periaqueductal Gray, Reflex, Startle, Rats, Wistar, Rats
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