Childhood Abuse, Depression, and Chronic Pain

Abstract

Objective To investigate the relationships among history of childhood abuse, type of pain, and depression. Design Survey, consecutive sample, correlational. Setting An interdisciplinary pain-management center in a rehabilitation hospital. Patients The participants were 201 consecutive patients with chronic pain complaints, 68% women, mean age 38 years, of whom 28% complained of pain in more than three major sites, 26% had low back pain, 19% had craniofacial pain, and 25% had pain in other regions. Outcome measures Beck Depression Inventory, Childhood History recorded presence or absence of abuse, age of onset, age when abuse was acknowledged, duration and frequency of abuse, relationship of abuser to the participant. Pain type was classified by IASP. Results Patients with history of both sexual and physical abuse in childhood had more depression. The differences among abuse groups was significant (p Conclusions There is a positive, significant relationship between depression and history of childhood sexual and physical abuse. The influence of type of pain on depression was not significant. Prevailing research explained depression as an expected, natural consequence of chronic pain. Our research suggests that the relationship between chronic pain and depression may be attributable in part to childhood abuse history.