The long-term health outcomes of childhood abuse: An overview and a call to action

Springer, Kristen W.; Sheridan, Jennifer; Kuo, Daphne; Carnes, Molly

doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.20918.x

Cited by 299Child Abuse and TraumaChild Abuse and Related TraumaChild Welfare and Adoption

The long-term health outcomes of childhood abuse: An overview and a call to action

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Springer, Kristen W., Sheridan, Jennifer, Kuo, Daphne, Carnes, Molly·2003·Journal of General Internal Medicine

DOI 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.20918.xPMC PMC1494926

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Abstract

While the association between abuse in childhood and adverse adult health outcomes is well established, this link is infrequently acknowledged in the general medical literature. This paper has 2 purposes: (1) to provide a broad overview of the research on the long-term effects of child abuse on mental and physical health including some of the potential pathways, and (2) to call for collaborative action among clinicians, psychosocial and biomedical researchers, social service agencies, criminal justice systems, insurance companies, and public policy makers to take a comprehensive approach to both preventing and dealing with the sequelae of childhood abuse.

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Physiological alterations associated with ELAb may contribute to the development of stress-related functional pain syndromes and affective impairment in adulthood, both of which predominately affect women.
“As such, physiological alterations associated with ELAb may contribute to the development of stress-related functional pain syndromes,(17) and affective impairment in adulthood,(20,21) both of which predominately affect women.(22,23)”
From Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Experimental Pain Sensitivity and Cortisol Responses in Women with Early Life Abuse: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [20]

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Managing Depression in Outpatients
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Child abuse: Adolescent records vs. adult recall
Femina, D. D., Yeager, C. A., & Lewis, D. O. (1990) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(90)90033-p · Cited by 8,820 · see citing works
Long-term physical and mental health consequences of childhood physical abuse: results from a large population-based sample of men and women
Springer, K. W., Sheridan, J., Kuo, D., & Carnes, M. (2007) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.01.003 · Cited by 964 · see citing works
Self-citation
A meta-analysis of disparities in childhood sexual abuse, parental physical abuse, and peer victimization among sexual minority and sexual nonminority individuals
Friedman, M. S., Marshal, M. P., Guadamuz, T. E., Wei, C., Wong, C. F., Saewyc, E. M., & Stall, R. (2011) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2009.190009 · Cited by 705 · see citing works
The Devastating Clinical Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect: Increased Disease Vulnerability and Poor Treatment Response in Mood Disorders
Lippard, E. T. C., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2020) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19010020 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Long-term physical health consequences of childhood sexual abuse: a meta-analytic review
Irish, L., Kobayashi, I., & Delahanty, D. L. (2010) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsp118 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Altruism Born of Suffering and Prosocial Behavior Following Adverse Life Events: A Review and Conceptualization
Vollhardt, J. R. (2009) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/s11211-009-0088-1 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Women's Health and Women's Leadership in Academic Medicine: Hitting the Same Glass Ceiling?
Carnes, M. L., Morrissey, C. S., & GELLER, S. E. (2008) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2007.0688 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cumulative interpersonal traumas and social support as risk and resiliency factors in predicting PTSD and depression among inner‐city women
Schumm, J. A., Briggs‐Phillips, M., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2006) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20159 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Long-term effects of childhood abuse on the quality of life and health of older people: results from the depression and early prevention of suicide in general practice project
Draper, B., Pfaff, J. J., Pirkis, J., Snowdon, J., Lautenschlager, N. T., Wilson, I., Almeida, O. P., & for the Depression and Early Prevention of Suicide in General Practice Study Group (2008) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01537.x · Cited by 275 · see citing works
“The models of the effects of childhood abuse take into account hypothesized pathways that link childhood abuse and adult health outcomes through health-related behaviors such as smoking and hazardous alcohol consumption and psychosocial pathways that link health outcomes with difficulties in establishing intimate rela…”
BackgroundInfluential
Childhood Determinants of Adult Psychiatric Disorder
Fryers, T., & Brugha, T. S. (2013) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/1745017901309010001 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Cohort Profile: Wisconsin longitudinal study (WLS)
Herd, P., Carr, D., & Roan, C. (2014) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dys194 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Risk and Protective Factors for Physical and Sexual Abuse of Children and Adolescents in Africa
Meinck, F., Cluver, L. D., Boyes, M. E., & Mhlongo, E. L. (2014) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838014523336 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Childhood trauma and health outcomes in adults with comorbid substance abuse and mental health disorders
Wu, N. S., Schairer, L. C., Dellor, E. D., & Grella, C. E. (2009) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.09.003 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Mental Health of Refugee Children and Youth: Epidemiology, Interventions, and Future Directions
Frounfelker, R. L., Miconi, D., Farrar, J., Brooks, M. A., Rousseau, C., & Betancourt, T. S. (2020) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094230 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Is A Weight-Centred Health Framework Salutogenic? Some Thoughts on Unhinging Certain Dietary Ideologies
Aphramor, L. (2005) · Social Theory & Health · doi:10.1057/palgrave.sth.8700059 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
“Other authors bring to our attention the long-term health, general health outcomes of sexual harassment and childhood abuse and construct pathways linking violence with eating distress, adiposity and non-communicable comorbidities (Springer et al., 2003; Dahinten, 1999; Wiederman et al., 1999; Zlotnick et al., 1996; H…”
Background
Betrayal Trauma: Associations With Psychological and Physical Symptoms in Young Adults
Goldsmith, R. E., Freyd, J. J., & DePrince, A. P. (2012) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260511421672 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Identifying experiences of physical and psychological violence in childhood that jeopardize mental health in adulthood
Greenfield, E. A., & Marks, N. F. (2010) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.08.012 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Spirituality and coping with life stress among adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse
Gall, T. L. (2006) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.01.003 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Post-traumatic stress disorder moderates the relation between documented childhood victimization and pain 30 years later
Raphael, K. G., & Widom, C. S. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.10.014 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Childhood Trauma and Chronic Illness in Adulthood: Mental Health and Socioeconomic Status as Explanatory Factors and Buffers
Mock, S. E., & Arai, S. M. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00246 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“…and family instability such as parental unemployment or substance abuse have been linked to chronic illness in adulthood stemming from poor immune functioning or poor cardiovascular health (Springer et al., 2003; Mulvihill, 2005; O’Rand and Hamil-Luker, 2005; Wickrama et al., 2005).”
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic
Abrams, E. M., Greenhawt, M., Shaker, M. S., Pinto, A. D., Sinha, I. P., & Singer, A. G. (2021) · Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.anai.2021.10.022 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“Child maltreatment and abuse have been associated with a variety of long-term adverse health outcomes, including psychological disorders (eg, depression, anxiety disorder, eating disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder), high-risk behaviors (eg, smoking, alcohol abuse, unsafe sexual practices), and overall lower heal…”
Child abuse as a life-course social determinant of adult health
Greenfield, E. A. (2010) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.02.002 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Spirituality and the Current Adjustment of Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Gall, T. L., BASQUE, V., Damasceno, M. G., & VARDY, G. (2007) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.1111/j.1468-5906.2007.00343.x · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Childhood physical abuse and midlife physical health: Testing a multi-pathway life course model
Springer, K. W. (2009) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.04.011 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Evidence-Base for Psychodynamic Psychotherapy With Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Synthesis
Midgley, N., Mortimer, R., Cirasola, A., Batra, P., & Kennedy, E. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.662671 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“Experiences of various types of abuse are even higher in clinical populations presenting tomental health services (Springer et al., 2003; Chapman et al., 2007), although exact levels of prevalence are not easy to establish.”
Background
Victimization in Early Life and Mental Health in Adulthood
Hill, T. D., Kaplan, L. M., French, M. T., & Johnson, R. J. (2010) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146509361194 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Child Maltreatment and Adult Cigarette Smoking: A Long-term Developmental Model
Topitzes, J., Mersky, J. P., & Reynolds, A. J. (2009) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsp119 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“Although knowledge of the link between CAN and health has motivated collaboration across disciplines such as medicine, public health, psychology, and social work, CAN continues to receive insufficient attention in health care settings (Springer et al., 2003).”
Background
Screening for Childhood Trauma in Adult Primary Care Patients
Weinreb, L., Savageau, J. A., Candib, L. M., Reed, G. W., Fletcher, K. E., & Hargraves, J. L. (2010) · The Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/pcc.10m00950blu · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Reports of Abusive Experiences During Childhood and Adult Health Ratings
Irving, S. M., & Ferraro, K. F. (2006) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264305280994 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
A Longitudinal Study of Maternal Depression and Child Maltreatment in a National Sample of Families Investigated by Child Protective Services
Conron, K. J., Beardslee, W. R., Koenen, K. C., Buka, S. L., & Gortmaker, S. L. (2009) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.176 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Childhood Abuse and Fear of Childbirth—A Population‐based Study
Lukasse, M., Vangen, S., Øian, P., Kumle, M. H., Ryding, E. L., Schei, B., & on behalf of the Bidens Study Group (2010) · Birth · doi:10.1111/j.1523-536x.2010.00420.x · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Comparison of Brazilian spiritist mediumship and dissociative identity disorder
Moreira-Almeida, A., Neto, F. L., & Cardeña, E. (2008) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31816ff3a1 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“We found childhood abuse rates with the 24 selected mediums comparable with those found in the general population from several countries (5%– 40%) ( Springer et al., 2003 ) and lower than among DID patients (Ross et al., 1990b).”
BackgroundResult
Adult adjustment of survivors of institutional child abuse in Ireland
Carr, A., Dooley, B. A., Fitzpatrick, M., Flanagan, E., Flanagan‐Howard, R., Tierney, K. J., White, M. D., Daly, M., & Egan, J. (2010) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.11.003 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Examining Childhood Maltreatment and School Bullying Among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study From Anhui Province in China
Wang, G., Jiang, L., Wang, L.-H., Hu, G.-Y., Fang, Y., Yuan, S., Wang, X., & Su, P. (2016) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260516647000 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
How adverse childhood experiences relate to single and multiple health risk behaviours in German public university students: a cross-sectional analysis
Wiehn, J., Hornberg, C., & Fischer, F. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5926-3 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“[69] argue that “many of the criteria for a causal relationship are met” in retrospective Wiehn et al.”
Is childhood abuse a risk factor for chronic pain in adulthood?
Raphael, K. G., Chandler, H. K., & Ciccone, D. S. (2004) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-004-0023-y · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Case-Control Study of Medical Comorbidities in Women With Interstitial Cystitis
Clemens, J. Q., Meenan, R. T., Rosetti, M. C. O., Kimes, T. A., & Calhoun, E. A. (2008) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.01.172 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Effects of childhood conduct problems and family adversity on health, health behaviors, and service use in early adulthood: Tests of developmental pathways involving adolescent risk taking and depression
Herrenkohl, T. I., Kosterman, R., Mason, W. A., Hawkins, J. D., McCarty, C. A., & McCauley, E. (2010) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579410000349 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Sense of Community as a Protective Factor against Long‐Term Psychological Effects of Childhood Violence
Greenfield, E. A., & Marks, N. F. (2010) · Social Service Review · doi:10.1086/652786 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Patients, Families, and Communities COVID-19 Impact Assessment: Lessons Learned and Compelling Needs
Families, U. S. A., Isasi, F., Naylor, M. D., Skorton, D. J., Grabowski, D. C., Hernandez, S., & Rice, V. M. (2021) · NAM Perspectives · doi:10.31478/202111c · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Prevalence and associated factors of depression among Jimma University students. A cross-sectional study
Ahmed, G., Negash, A., Kerebih, H., Alemu, D., & Tesfaye, Y. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-020-00384-5 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“Similar results were found from the studies conducted among Kenya university students and the USA [39, 73].”
Result
Fear of childbirth, women's preference for cesarean section and childhood abuse: a longitudinal study
LUKASSE, M., VANGEN, S., ØIAN, P., & SCHEI, B. (2011) · Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0412.2010.01024.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Adverse Childhood Experiences: Survey of Resident Practice, Knowledge, and Attitude.
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The role of child sexual abuse in the etiology of substance-related disorders
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The Devastating Clinical Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect: Increased Disease Vulnerability and Poor Treatment Response in Mood Disorders
Lippard, E., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2023) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.19010020 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Profiles of adult survivors of severe sexual, physical and emotional institutional abuse in Ireland
Fitzpatrick, M., Carr, A., Dooley, B. A., Flanagan‐Howard, R., Flanagan, E., Tierney, K. J., White, M. D., Daly, M., Shevlin, M. E., & Egan, J. (2009) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.1083 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Identifying Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment in Alaska
Parrish, J. W., Young, M. B., Perham-Hester, K. A., & Gessner, B. D. (2011) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.02.022 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Influence of interpersonal violence on maternal anxiety, depression, stress and parenting morale in the early postpartum: a community based pregnancy cohort study
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An Evaluation of Screening Questions for Childhood Abuse in 2 Community Samples
Thombs, B. D. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.18.2020 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Identifying perinatal risk factors for infant maltreatment: an ecological approach.
Zhou, Y., Hallisey, E. J., & Freymann, G. R. (2006) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/1476-072x-5-53 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Modifiable predictors of depression following childhood maltreatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Braithwaite, E., O'Connor, R. M., Degli-Esposti, M., Luke, N., & Bowes, L. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.140 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Childhood Abuse and Common Complaints in Pregnancy
Lukasse, M., Schei, B., Vangen, S., & Øian, P. (2009) · Birth · doi:10.1111/j.1523-536x.2009.00323.x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences and health risk behaviours among adolescents and young adults: evidence from India
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Traumatic Stress and Resilience Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth
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Profiles of Physical and Psychological Violence in Childhood as a Risk Factor for Poorer Adult Health: Evidence From the 1995-2005 National Survey of Midlife in the United States
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Exploration of Affirmation of Childhood Molestation (Sexual Abuse) in Chronic Pain Patients, Acute Pain Patients, Community Patients With Pain and Community Nonpatients Without Pain
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Childhood trauma and complex posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in older adults: A study of direct effects and social-interpersonal factors as potential mediators
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Anxiety among Lebanese adolescents: scale validation and correlates
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Different labour outcomes in primiparous women that have been subjected to childhood sexual abuse or rape in adulthood: a case–control study in a clinical cohort
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Increased Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Primary Fibromyalgia and Those with Concomitant Comorbidity—A Taiwanese Population-Based Cohort Study
Su, C.-H., Chen, J.-H., Lan, J., Wang, Y.-C., Tseng, C., Hsu, C. Y., & Huang, L. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137137 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
A brief two-item screener for detecting a history of physical or sexual abuse in childhood
Thombs, B. D., Bernstein, D. P., Ziegelstein, R. C., Bennett, W. L., & Walker, E. A. (2006) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2006.10.013 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Inquiries that use broad labeling questions, however, have been shown to be generally ineffective in screening for a history of abuse in childhood [16,35].”
Background
Alexithymia and Childhood Abuse Among Patients Attending Primary and Psychiatric Care: Results of the RADEP Study
Joukamaa, M. I., Luutonen, S. H., von Reventlow, H. G., Patterson, P. H., Karlsson, H., & Salokangas, R. K. R. (2008) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.49.4.317 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Childhood Physical and Sexual Abuse and Adolescent Cannabis Use: A Systematic Review
la Peña‐Arteaga, V. D., Nogueira, S. O., Lynskey, M. T., & Hines, L. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.631245 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Although global metaanalyses estimate the prevalence of physical and sexual abuse to be minimal to moderate severity (22), childhood physical and sexual abuse in childhood are both public health concerns given their association with negative outcomes across the life course (23).”
Background
The prevalence of early life trauma in premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
Kulkarni, J., Leyden, O., Gavrilidis, E., Thew, C., & Thomas, E. H. X. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114381 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Exploring adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among Ugandan university students: its associations with academic performance, depression, and suicidal ideations
Muwanguzi, M., Kaggwa, M. M., Najjuka, S. M., Mamun, M. A., Arinaitwe, I., Kajjimu, J., Nduhuura, E., & Ashaba, S. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01044-2 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Childhood Abuse and Pain in Adulthood
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Adverse childhood experience and adult persistent pain and disability: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bussières, A., Hartvigsen, J., Ferreira, M. L., Ferreira, P. H., Hancock, M. J., Stone, L. S., Wideman, T. H., Boruff, J., & Elklit, A. (2020) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-020-01474-8 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
A life course understanding of domestic and intimate partner violence in Ghana
Tenkorang, E. Y., & Owusu, A. Y. (2018) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.02.027 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Difficulty eating and significant weight loss in joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type
Baeza-Velasco, C., Van den Bossche, T., Grossin, D., & Hamonet, C. (2016) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-015-0232-x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Connections Matter: Social Networks and Lifespan Health in Primate Translational Models
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Using Psychedelics With Therapeutic Intent Is Associated With Lower Shame and Complex Trauma Symptoms in Adults With Histories of Child Maltreatment
Healy, C. J., Lee, K. A., & D'Andrea, W. M. (2021) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/24705470211029881 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Cross-species evidence for the role of interleukin-33 in depression risk.
Kudinova, A. Y., Deak, T., Hueston, C. M., McGeary, J. E., Knopik, V. S., Palmer, R. H. C., & Gibb, B. E. (2016) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000158 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Suicidal phenotypes associated with family history of suicidal behavior and early traumatic experiences
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“For example, studies have shown that adult survivors of childhood maltreatment report an array of physical and mental health problems, with the most severely maltreated individuals being the worst affected (Kwong et al. 2003; Springer et al. 2003).”
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“On the other hand, many studies have also shown that maltreatment increases the risk of physical and mental illness at different stages of life (Afifi et al., 2006; Gilbert et al., 2009; Lanier et al., 2010; Springer et al., 2003).”
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Authors: Springer, K. W., Sheridan, J., Kuo, D., & Carnes, M.
Affiliations: University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Corresponding author: Carnes, Molly
ORCID: Springer, Kristen W.
Carnes, Molly
Venue: Journal of General Internal Medicine
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2003-10
Volume: 18
Issue: 10
Pages: 864-870
ISSN: 0884-8734 (ISSN-L)
1525-1497
DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.20918.x
PMC: PMC1494926
OpenAlex: W1722369907
Cited by: 299
References: 101
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 6.85
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of General Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation (0123666)
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
National Institute on Aging (K07 AG0074, T32AG000129)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Child Abuse and Related Trauma
Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
Keywords: childhood abuse, long-term health effects, mental health, physical health, child abuse prevention, interdisciplinary collaboration, public policy
MeSH terms: Adult, Mental Disorders, Child, Child Abuse, Health Status, Humans, Mass Screening, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Comorbidity, Somatosensory Disorders

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The long-term health outcomes of childhood abuse: An overview and a call to action

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