The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Energy Availability, Not Body Fatness, Regulates Reproductive Function in Women
Abstract
In Brief LOUCKS, A. B. Energy availability, not body fatness, regulates reproductive function in women. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev., Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 144–148, 2003. The morbid consequences of menstrual disorders in athletes require medical diagnosis and treatment. Reproductive disruption appears to occur when energy availability (dietary energy intake minus exercise energy expenditure) falls below a threshold between 20 and 30 kcal ·kgLBM−1·d−1, and some women may be more severely affected than others by subthreshold energy availability. Exercise appears to have no suppressive effect on menstrual function beyond the impact of its energy cost on energy availability.
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In the citing paper
“Research has demonstrated that females with menstrual dysfunction exhibit greater elevations in cortisol and decreases in RMR and estradiol the longer they delay nutrition intake, post-exercise [62].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [62]
In the citing paper
“EA is likely to vary between training days (as a function of EEE)”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [62]
In the citing paper
“it is the within-day periods of low energy intake over 24-hours that are associated with negative health indices and body composition changes despite optimal daily EA values [62,152].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [62]
Citations
Cites
Changes in Energy Expenditure Resulting from Altered Body Weight
Leibel, R. L., Rosenbaum, M., & Hirsch, J. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199503093321001 · Cited by 2,012
Rivier, C., & Rivest, S. (1991) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod45.4.523 · Cited by 799
Loucks, A. B., & Thuma, J. R. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020369 · Cited by 760
Self-citationMetabolic fuels and reproduction in female mammals
Wade, G. N., & Schneider, J. E. (1992) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80183-6 · Cited by 686
Low energy availability, not stress of exercise, alters LH pulsatility in exercising women
Loucks, A. B., Verdun, M., Heath, E. M., & (With the Technical Assistance of T. Law, S. A. J. R. T. (1998) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1998.84.1.37 · Cited by 539 · cited 1×
“So we investigated the independent effects of exercise stress and energy availability on LH pulsatility in women (9).”
BackgroundSelf-citationInduction of Menstrual Disorders by Strenuous Exercise in Untrained Women
Bullen, B. A., Skrinar, G. S., Beitins, I. Z., von Mering, G., Turnbull, B. A., & McArthur, J. W. (1985) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198505233122103 · Cited by 484
Endocrine markers of semistarvation in healthy lean men in a multistressor environment
Friedl, K. E., Moore, R. J., Hoyt, R. W., Marchitelli, L. J., Martinez-Lopez, L. E., & Askew, E. W. (2000) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.88.5.1820 · Cited by 316
Williams, N. I., Helmreich, D. L., Parfitt, D. B., Caston-Balderrama, A. L., & Cameron, J. L. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.11.8024 · Cited by 289
Hilton, L. K., & Loucks, A. B. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.1.e43 · Cited by 214 · cited 1×
“Since then, however, we have shown that the level and diurnal rhythm of leptin actually depend on energy availability (defined as dietary energy intake minus exercise energy expenditure) and that exercise itself has no suppressive effect on leptin beyond the impact of its energy cost on energy availability (4).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThong, F. S. L., McLean, C., & Graham, T. (2000) · Journal of applied physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.88.6.2037 · Cited by 189
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Wade, 1996, Am J Physiol, 270, E1
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Mechanisms linking physical activity with cancer
McTiernan, A. (2008) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2325 · Cited by 743
Melin, A., Tornberg, Å. B., Skouby, S., Faber, J., Ritz, C., Sjödin, A., & Sundgot-Borgen, J. (2014) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-093240 · Cited by 435
Friedenreich, C. M., & Cust, A. E. (2008) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.029132 · Cited by 345
Neuroendocrinology of nutritional infertility
Wade, G. N., & Jones, J. E. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00475.2004 · Cited by 303
Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention
Lynch, B. M., Neilson, H. K., & Friedenreich, C. M. (2010) · Recent results in cancer research/Recent Results in Cancer Research · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-04231-7_2 · Cited by 435
Metadata
- Authors
- Loucks, A. B.
- Affiliations
- Ohio University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Loucks, Anne B.
- Venue
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 144-148
- ISSN
- 0091-6331 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2013074672
- Cited by
- 206
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 11.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources (M01-RR-00034, M01RR000034)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Keywords
- energy availability, reproductive function, menstrual disorders, female athletes, adiposity, exercise energy expenditure, energy intake, reproductive disruption
- MeSH terms
- Body Composition, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Menstruation Disturbances, Reproduction, Sports
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