Gene powered? Where to go from heritability (h2) in muscle strength and power
Abstract
In Brief BEUNEN, G., and M. THOMIS. Gene powered? Where to go from heritability (h2) in muscle strength and power? Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev., Vol. 32, No.4, pp. 148–154, 2004. The importance of genetic and environmental factors in muscular strength and power variation has been reported in the last two decades. However, there is a paucity of data on gender- and age-specific estimates of heritabilities. Linkage and association studies that aim to identify genes and gene variants for muscular strength are only emerging. A genetic component in muscular strength and power is evident; however, age- and gender-specific estimates are lacking, and genehunting results are scarce.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Among nonhormonal factors, genetics explains a large proportion (~50% to 60% from pooled twin studies) of the variability in muscle mass and strength.
“Among the nonhormonal factors, genetics explains a large proportion [∼50% to 60% from pooled twin studies (156)] of the variability in muscle mass and strength (157, 158) and may be explained in turn by the equally high genetic contributions to circulating testosterone (37, 38).”
From Circulating Testosterone as the Hormonal Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance (2018) · cites this paper as [157]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Circulating Testosterone as the Hormonal Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance
Handelsman, D. J., Hirschberg, A. L., & Bermon, S. (2018) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2018-00020 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Adaptations to Endurance and Strength TrainingPreprint
Hughes, D. C., Ellefsen, S., & Baar, K. (2017) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a029769 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
“Over the last decade, the literature has begun to detail the role played by heritability and genetic differences (polymorphisms) in training adaptations (Beunen and Thomis 2004; Huygens et al. 2004; Timmons et al. 2010; Bouchard et al. 2011; Hughes et al. 2011).”
BackgroundRees, T., Hardy, L., Güllich, A., Abernethy, B., Côté, J., Woodman, T., Montgomery, H., Laing, S. J., & Warr, C. (2016) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0476-2 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Genomics and Genetics in the Biology of Adaptation to Exercise
Bouchard, C., Rankinen, T., & Timmons, J. A. (2011) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c100059 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Genetic Influences in Sport and Physical Performance
Puthucheary, Z., Skipworth, J. R. A., Rawal, J., Loosemore, M., van Someren, K. A., & Montgomery, H. (2011) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/11593200-000000000-00000 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
“Similar genetic influences are seen on muscle function: heritability of grip and pull and push strength ranges from 44% to 83%.([9]) This influence appears greater in males, especially for static strength and power compared with muscular endurance,([10]) and also varies with age.”
BackgroundBrutsaert, T. D., & Parra, E. J. (2006) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2005.12.013 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Genetic Inheritance Effects on Endurance and Muscle Strength
Costa, A. M., Breitenfeld, L., Silva, A. J., Pereira, A. P. R., Izquierdo, M., & Marques, M. C. (2012) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/11650560-000000000-00000 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Indeed, relevant traits, such as aerobic power, explosive strength or anaerobic capacity have been reported by several studies as parameters of high heritability.([10-12]) For measures such as upper body strength, the variability within the population is higher than the improvements to be expected from an optimal trai…”
BackgroundGenetic Determinants of Prepubertal and Pubertal Growth and Development
Thomis, M. A., & Towne, B. (2006) · Food and Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1177/15648265060274s509 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Linkage and association studies are best viewed as being complementary to each other, or as different steps in the systematic intellectual endeavor of proceeding from observing variation in a trait to identifying the functional genetic determinants contributing to that variation [15, 18, 19].”
BackgroundSelf-citationGenetics of Maximal Walking Speed and Skeletal Muscle Characteristics in Older Women
Tiainen, K., Perola, M., Kovanen, V., Sipilä, S., Tuononen, K., Rikalainen, K., Kauppinen, M., Widén, E., Kaprio, J. A., Rantanen, T., et al. (2008) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1375/twin.11.3.321 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“In their reviews, Rankinen et al. (2006) and Beunen and Thomis (2004) summarized the candidate genes, found in association studies, for muscle strength, which are located on chromosomes 1 (DIO1), 2 (GDF8), 3 (MYLK), 5 (NR3C1), 6 (TNF), 7 (CFTR), 11 (IGF2, CNTF, ACTN3), 12 (VDR), and 17 (COL1A1,…”
BackgroundAngiotensin-converting enzyme genotype affects skeletal muscle strength in elite athletes.
Costa, A. M., Silva, A. J., Garrido, N. D., Louro, H. G., Marinho, D. A., Marques, M. C., & Breitenfeld, L. (2009) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 31 · see citing works
ACTN3 R577X Polymorphism and Neuromuscular Response to Resistance Training.
Gentil, P., Pereira, R. W., Leite, T. K. M., & Bottaro, M. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Genomics and Genetics in the Biology of Adaptation to Exercise
Bouchard, C., Rankinen, T., & Timmons, J. A. (2011) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.2011.tb00367.x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Kruszewski, M., & Kruszewski, M. (2022) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes13112055 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“In addition to sports training, environmental exposure, nutrition, and the professional activity of a person, genetic factors also have a great in uence on the strength indicators of an athletes’ skeletal muscles [1].”
BackgroundRonkainen, P. H. A., Pöllänen, E., Törmäkangas, T., Tiainen, K., Koskenvuo, M. J., Kaprio, J. A., Rantanen, T., Sipilä, S., & Kovanen, V. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001819 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Individual differences in muscle phenotypes in old age may be explained by both environmental and genetic factors [8–12].”
Mars, G. D., Windelinckx, A., Huygens, W., Peeters, M., Beunen, G. P., Aerssens, J., VLIETINCK, R. F., & Thomis, M. A. (2008) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.2007.055277 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationMars, G. D., Windelinckx, A., Huygens, W., Peeters, M., Beunen, G. P., Aerssens, J., VLIETINCK, R. F., & Thomis, M. A. (2008) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.90252.2008 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Several candidate genes have been associated with muscle strength phenotypes (7, 26).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGronek, P., & Holdys, J. (2013) · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Nature versus Nurture in Determining Athletic Ability
Brutsaert, T. D., & Parra, E. J. (2009) · Medicine and sport science/Medicine and sport · doi:10.1159/000235694 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Genetic Basis of Physical Fitness
Montgomery, H., & Safari, L. (2007) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.36.081406.094333 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Genome‐wide linkage scan for resistance to muscle fatigue
Thomis, M. A., Mars, G. D., Windelinckx, A., Peeters, M., Huygens, W., Aerssens, J., & Beunen, G. P. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01082.x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Several candidate gene association studies for muscles strength phenotypes (Beunen & Thomis, 2004) and a yearly update of candidate genes for health-related fitness phenotypes (Bray et al., 2009) have been described.”
BackgroundSelf-citationLack of association of the ACE genotype with the muscle strength response to resistance training
Gentil, P., Lima, R. M., Pereira, R. W., Mourot, J., Leite, T. K. M., & Bottaro, M. (2011) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2011.573581 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Neuromuscular adaptations to RT have been shown to be partially determined by genetic factors (Beunen & Thomis, 2004 ; Brutsaert & Parra, 2006 ; Thomis, M.”
BackgroundHeterogeneity of Physical Function Responses to Exercise in Older Adults
Nicklas, B. J. (2010) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691610383512 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Although compliance to an exercise intervention is an obvious important factor in determining its success (van Gool et al., 2005), other factors, including genetics, also affect exercise-induced improvements in physical function (Beunen & Thomis, 2004; Bray et al., 2009).”
BackgroundBarbosa, J. P. D. A. S., Basso, L., Bartholomeu, T., et al. (2019) · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.20945/2359-3997000000137 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“This result is aligned and within the range of isometric strength shown in other international studies involving nuclear families, showing estimates of heritability involving this type of strength of 27% to 58% (40).”
ResultTop-down studies of the genetic contribution to differences in physical capacity
Spurway, N. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-10077-2.50005-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Twin Studies in Sport Performance
Beunen, G. P., Peeters, M., & Malina, R. M. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9781444327335.ch9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationМЕТААНАЛИЗ АССОЦИАЦИИ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА ГЕНА MSTN RS1805086 С СИЛОВЫМИ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯМИ СПОРТСМЕНОВ
Aksenov, M. O. (2021) · Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture · doi:10.12731/2658-6649-2021-13-2-303-335 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Role of Genetics Factors in Sport Performance: Evidence from Family Studies
Përusse, L. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9781444327335.ch8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fundamental Concepts in Exercise Genomics
Roth, S. M., & Thomis, M. A. (2011) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-355-8_1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Both parametric and nonparametric methods are now available to test Fig. 1.2 Schematic representation of unmeasured and measured genotype methods in the search for genetic influences on performance and exercise adaptation (adapted from Beunen and Thomis [ 63 ]).”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationCHARACTERISTICS AND ADAPTATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE TO ENDURANCE EXERCISE
Kohn, T. A. (2011) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)
VLIETINCK, R. F., Thomis, M. A., Mars, G. D., et al. (2008)
Self-citationPereira, A., Silva, A. J., Costa, A. M., Bastos, E., & Marques, M. C. (2011) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
Journal of Physical Education and Sport
(2012) · Journal of Physical Education and Sport · doi:10.7752/jpes.2011.02024
Carvalho, H. M. (2011) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
Towards powerful old age : association between hormone replacement therapy and skeletal muscle
Ronkainen, P. H. A. (2010) · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä)
- Authors
- Beunen, G., & Thomis, M.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Beunen, Gaston
- ORCID
- Thomis, Martine
- Venue
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
- Published
- 2004-10
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 148-154
- ISSN
- 0091-6331 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2045289977
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Physical Performance
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- heritability, muscle strength, muscle power, genetic factors, environmental factors, gene-environment interaction, sex differences, genetic linkage studies, genetic association studies, gene discovery
- MeSH terms
- Environment, Family Health, Gene Frequency, Humans, Isometric Contraction, Genetic Linkage, Models, Genetic, Phenotype, Physical Fitness, Twin Studies as Topic, Muscle, Skeletal, Genetic Heterogeneity, Muscle Development, Quantitative Trait Loci
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
