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Cited by 364Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Clinical Correlates of ADHD in Females: Findings From a Large Group of Girls Ascertained From Pediatric and Psychiatric Referral Sources

BIEDERMAN, JOSEPH, FARAONE, STEPHEN V., MICK, ERIC, WILLIAMSON, SARAH, WILENS, TIMOTHY E., SPENCER, THOMAS J., WEBER, WENDY, JETTON, JENNIFER, KRAUS, ILANA, PERT, JIM, ZALLEN, BARRY·1999·Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
DOI 10.1097/00004583-199908000-00012
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Abstract

Objective The scientific literature about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is based almost exclusively on male subjects, and girls with ADHD may be underidentified and undertreated. The aim of this study was to examine clinical correlates of ADHD in females using comprehensive assessments in multiple domains of functioning.Method Subjects were 140 girls with ADHD and 122 comparison girls without ADHD ascertained from pediatric and psychiatric referral sources of the same age and social class. Subjects were assessed with structured diagnostic interviews, psychometric tests assessing intellectual functioning and academic achievement, as well as standardized assessments of interpersonal, school, and family functioning by raters who were blind to clinical diagnosis.Results Compared with female controls, girls with ADHD were more likely to have conduct, mood, and anxiety disorders; lower IQ and achievement scores; and more impairment on measures of social, school, and family functioning.Conclusions These results extend to girls previous findings in boys indicating that ADHD is characterized by prototypical core symptoms of the disorder, high levels of comorbid psychopathology, and dysfunction in multiple domains. These results not only support findings documenting phenotypic similarities between the genders but also stress the severity of the disorder in females.

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Crossref · 10.1097/00004583-199908000-00012

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Arnold, 1995, ADHD sex differences, J Abnorm Child Psychol, 23, 555

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Metadata

Authors
BIEDERMAN, J., FARAONE, S. V., MICK, E., WILLIAMSON, S., WILENS, T. E., SPENCER, T. J., WEBER, W., JETTON, J., KRAUS, I., PERT, J., & ZALLEN, B.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
BIEDERMAN, JOSEPH
ORCID
Venue
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1999-08
Volume
38
Issue
8
Pages
966-975
ISSN
0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1097/00004583-199908000-00012
OpenAlex
W2037739604
Cited by
364
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 21
FWCI
9.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH-50657-04)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, girls, comorbid psychopathology, conduct disorder, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, intellectual functioning, academic performance, social functioning, school functioning, family functioning, gender differences, underdiagnosis
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Mental Disorders, Child, Female, Humans, Massachusetts, Sex Factors, Comorbidity, Linear Models, Logistic Models, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies

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