The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of a School-Based Depression Prevention Program
Abstract
Objective To conduct a placebo-controlled study of the effectiveness of a universal school-based depression prevention program.Method Three hundred ninety-two students age 13 to 15 from two schools were randomized to intervention (RAP-Kiwi) and placebo programs run by teachers. RAP-Kiwi was an 11-session manual-based program derived from cognitive-behavioral therapy. The placebo was similar but with cognitive components removed. Outcomes were self-rated depression scales, the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS), and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). Follow-up was to 18 months. Analysis was done on an intent-to-treat basis.Results Immediately after the intervention, depression scores were reduced significantly more by RAP-Kiwi than by placebo, with a mean difference in change from baseline between groups of 1.5 on BDI-II (CI > 0.38, p =.01) and 2.24 on RADS (CI > 0.22, p =.04). Categorical analysis confirmed significant clinical benefit with an absolute risk reduction of 3% (95% CI, 1-11%, McNemar chi, p =.03), with the "number needed to treat" for short-term benefit of 33. Group differences in depression scores averaged across time to 18 months were significant on RADS but not on BDI-II. Retention rates were 91% at 6 months and 72% at 18 months.Conclusions The RAP-Kiwi program is a potentially effective public health measure. Confirmation of effectiveness measuring episodes of depressive illness and broader measures of adjustment is warranted.
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“Furthermore, programs that have been successful in reducing psychopathology in adolescents have incurred high financial costs and relied on scarce resources, such as teachers’ classroom time or researchers for program delivery [15].”
From Feasibility and effectiveness of a web-based positive psychology program for youth mental health: Randomized controlled trial (2014) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Reported means in some trials, even those that reported statistical significance, suggest no clear advantage for the early intervention condition (e.g. Horowitz, Garber, Ciesla, Young, & Mufson, 2007; Merry, McDowell, Wild, Bir, & Cunliffe, 2004; Quayle, Dziurawiec, Roberts, Kane, & Ebsworthy, 2001).”
From A randomized controlled trial of strong minds: A school-based mental health program combining acceptance and commitment therapy and positive psychology (2016) · cites this paper as Merry et al., 2004
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“However, the effect was not maintained in the 18-month follow-up (Merry et al., 2004).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Merry, S., McDOWELL, H., Wild, C. J., Bir, J., & Cunliffe, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Merry, Sally
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-05
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 538-547
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088454316
- Cited by
- 249
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 16.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- the Health Research Council (99/039)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › School Health and Nursing Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- depression prevention, school-based intervention, adolescent depression, cognitive behavioral therapy, universal prevention programs, program retention, public health prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Preventive Health Services, School Health Services, United States, Single-Blind Method
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