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Preserved Pontine Glucose Metabolism in Alzheimer Disease: A Reference Region for Functional Brain Image (PET) Analysis
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to examine regional preservation of energy metabolism in Alzheimer disease (AD) and to evaluate effects of PET data normalization to reference regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Regional metabolic rates in the pons, thalamus, putamen, sensorimotor cortex, visual cortex, and cerebellum (reference regions) were determined stereotaxically and examined in 37 patients with probable AD and 22 normal controls based on quantitative 18FDG-PET measurements. Following normalization of metabolic rates of the parietotemporal association cortex and whole brain to each reference region, distinctions of the two groups were assessed. RESULTS: The pons showed the best preservation of glucose metabolism in AD. Other reference regions showed relatively preserved metabolism compared with the parietotemporal association cortex and whole brain, but had significant metabolic reduction. Data normalization to the pons not only enhanced statistical significance of metabolic reduction in the parietotemporal association cortex, but also preserved the presence of global cerebral metabolic reduction indicated in analysis of the quantitative data. CONCLUSION: Energy metabolism in the pons in probable AD is well preserved. The pons is a reliable reference for data normalization and will enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of quantitative and nonquantitative functional brain imaging.
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“Measurements in each voxel were normalized to that in the pons, which appears to be the region least affected in patients with Alzheimer's disease.27”
From Preclinical Evidence of Alzheimer's Disease in Persons Homozygous for the ε4 Allele for Apolipoprotein E (1996) · cites this paper as [27]
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Items 201–252 of 252
Chapter 20. Supporting Family Caregivers
Gallagher-Thompson, D. E., Lonergan, K. H., Holland, J. M., China, D., & Ashford, J. W. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg20
Chapter 1. Dementia and Alzheimer Disease: Ancient Greek Medicine to Modern Molecular Biology
Weiner, M. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg01
Appendixe C: Mental Status Examination
(2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.app03
Chapter 13. Traumatic Brain Injury
Bigler, E. D. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg13
Appendixe E: Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study: Activities of Daily Living Inventory
(2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.app05
Chapter 22. Ethical Issues and Patterns of Practice
Hughes, J. C. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg22
Frolik, L. A. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg21
Chapter 14. Other Causes of Dementia
ZAMRINI, E. Y., & Quiceno, M. E. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg14
Chapter 15. Psychiatric Disorders in People With Dementia
Steinberg, M., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg15
Appendixe G: Agitated Behavior in Dementia Scale
(2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.app07
Chapter 23. Biomarkers for the Dementias
Bürger, K., & Hampel, H.-J. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg23
Chapter 16. Pharmacological Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms
Yaari, R., & Tariot, P. N. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg16
(2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.app10
Chapter 19. Management of Advanced Dementia
Volicer, L., & Simard, J. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg19
Appendixe D: Neurological Examination
(2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.app04
Chapter 17. Behavioral and Environmental Management
Hilgeman, M. M., Burgio, L. D., & Allen, R. S. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg17
(2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.app01
Chapter 3. Neuropsychiatric Assessment and Diagnosis
Weiner, M., Garrett, R., & Bret, M. E. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg03
Chapter 7. Cognitive Disorders as Psychobiological Processes
Weiner, M. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg07
Chapter 12. Frontotemporal Dementia
Lipton, A. M., & Boxer, A. L. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg12
Appendixe F: Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Community Dwelling Version
(2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.app06
Chapter 11. Dementia With Lewy Bodies and Other Synucleinopathies
Tarawneh, R. M., & Galvin, J. E. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg11
Chapter 5. Neuropsychological Assessment in Dementia
Cullum, C. M., & Lacritz, L. H. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg05
Chapter 2. Epidemiology and Impact of Dementia
Savva, G. M., & Brayne, C. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg02
Appendixe I: Quality of Life in Late-Stage Dementia (QUALID) Scale
(2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.app09
Chapter 4. Medical Evaluation and Diagnosis
Lipton, A. M., & Rubin, C. D. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg04
Chapter 24. The Molecular and Genetic Basis of Alzheimer Disease
Rosenberg, R. N. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg24
Chapter 10. Vascular Cognitive Disorder
Szoeke, C. E. I., Campbell, S., Chiu, E. Y.-K., & Ames, D. J. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg10
Geldmacher, D. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg08
Chapter 18. Pharmacological Treatment of Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Farlow, M. R., & Boustani, M. A. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg18
Chapter 26. Prevention of Dementia and Cognitive Decline
Breitner, J. C. S., & Albert, M. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg26
Appendixe H: Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Disease Scale
(2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.app08
Chapter 9. Mild Cognitive Impairment
Geda, Y. E., Negash, S., & Petersen, R. C. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg09
Foster, N. L. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg06
Self-citationChapter 25. The Future of Dementia Treatment
Sano, M. (2009) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585628940.lg25
Singleton, E. H., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., Sudre, C. H., Groot, C., Kochova, E., Barkhof, F., Joie, R. L., Rosen, H. J., Seeley, W. W., Miller, B., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13238675
Singleton, E. H., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., Sudre, C. H., Groot, C., Kochova, E., Barkhof, F., Joie, R. L., Rosen, H. J., Seeley, W. W., Miller, B. L., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13238669
Singleton, E. H., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., Sudre, C. H., Groot, C., Kochova, E., Barkhof, F., Joie, R. L., Rosen, H. J., Seeley, W. W., Miller, B., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13238660
Singleton, E. H., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., Sudre, C. H., Groot, C., Kochova, E., Barkhof, F., Joie, R. L., Rosen, H. J., Seeley, W. W., Miller, B. L., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13238654
Singleton, E. H., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., Sudre, C. H., Groot, C., Kochova, E., Barkhof, F., Joie, R. L., Rosen, H. J., Seeley, W. W., Miller, B., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13238666
Singleton, E. H., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., Sudre, C. H., Groot, C., Kochova, E., Barkhof, F., Joie, R. L., Rosen, H. J., Seeley, W. W., Miller, B. L., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13238672
Bi, S., Yan, S., Chen, Z., Cui, B., Shan, Y., Yang, H., Qi, Z., Zhao, Z., Han, Y., & Lu, J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26672835
Singleton, E. H., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., Sudre, C. H., Groot, C., Kochova, E., Barkhof, F., Joie, R. L., Rosen, H. J., Seeley, W. W., Miller, B. L., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13238663
Singleton, E. H., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., Sudre, C. H., Groot, C., Kochova, E., Barkhof, F., Joie, R. L., Rosen, H. J., Seeley, W. W., Miller, B. L., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13238657
Kim, T., Jia, Q., de Leon, M., & Shu, H. (2026) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2026.104158 · Cited by 1
Investigation of BACE1 as a stress-induced regulator of neuronal metabolism
Findlay, J. A. (2014) · Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee)
Metadata
- Authors
- Minoshima, S., Frey, K. A., Foster, N. L., & Kuhl, D. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography
- Published
- 1995-07
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 541-547
- ISSN
- 0363-8715 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1964006251
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ns024896-15)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01 NS24896)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, glucose metabolism, passive optical networks, 18F-FDG PET, thalamus, putamen, cerebellum, sensorimotor cortex, visual cortex
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Deoxyglucose, Energy Metabolism, Fluorine Radioisotopes, Glucose, Humans, Middle Aged, Pons, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Case-Control Studies, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
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