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Preserved Pontine Glucose Metabolism in Alzheimer Disease: A Reference Region for Functional Brain Image (PET) Analysis
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to examine regional preservation of energy metabolism in Alzheimer disease (AD) and to evaluate effects of PET data normalization to reference regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Regional metabolic rates in the pons, thalamus, putamen, sensorimotor cortex, visual cortex, and cerebellum (reference regions) were determined stereotaxically and examined in 37 patients with probable AD and 22 normal controls based on quantitative 18FDG-PET measurements. Following normalization of metabolic rates of the parietotemporal association cortex and whole brain to each reference region, distinctions of the two groups were assessed. RESULTS: The pons showed the best preservation of glucose metabolism in AD. Other reference regions showed relatively preserved metabolism compared with the parietotemporal association cortex and whole brain, but had significant metabolic reduction. Data normalization to the pons not only enhanced statistical significance of metabolic reduction in the parietotemporal association cortex, but also preserved the presence of global cerebral metabolic reduction indicated in analysis of the quantitative data. CONCLUSION: Energy metabolism in the pons in probable AD is well preserved. The pons is a reliable reference for data normalization and will enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of quantitative and nonquantitative functional brain imaging.
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“Measurements in each voxel were normalized to that in the pons, which appears to be the region least affected in patients with Alzheimer's disease.27”
From Preclinical Evidence of Alzheimer's Disease in Persons Homozygous for the ε4 Allele for Apolipoprotein E (1996) · cites this paper as [27]
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Metabolic reduction in the posterior cingulate cortex in very early Alzheimer's disease
Minoshima, S., Giordani, B., Berent, S., Frey, K. A., Foster, N. L., & Kuhl, D. E. (1997) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410420114 · Cited by 1,802
Self-citationReiman, E. M., Caselli, R. J., Yun, L. S., Chen, K., Bandy, D., Minoshima, S., Thibodeau, S. N., & Osborne, D. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199603213341202 · Cited by 1,366
Self-citationCraft, S. (2012) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2011.233 · Cited by 1,253
“Taken together, these results provide an impetus for future clinical trials of intranasal insulin therapy and for further mechanistic studies of insulin’s role in the pathogenesis of AD.”
InfluentialTau PET patterns mirror clinical and neuroanatomical variability in Alzheimer’s disease
Ossenkoppele, R., Schonhaut, D. R., Schöll, M., Lockhart, S. N., Ayakta, N., Baker, S. L., O’Neil, J. P., Janabi, M., Lazaris, A., Cantwell, A., et al. (2016) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aww027 · Cited by 1,185
“(18)F-FDG PET images were summed, and standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) were calculated for the 30–60-min post-injection interval using mean activity in the pons (manually edited from FreeSurferderived brainstem) as the reference region (Minoshima et al., 1995).”
MethodFunctional brain abnormalities in young adults at genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer's dementia
Reiman, E. M., Chen, K., Alexander, G. E., Caselli, R. J., Bandy, D., Osborne, D., Saunders, A. M., & Hardy, J. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2635903100 · Cited by 977
Metadata
- Authors
- Minoshima, S., Frey, K. A., Foster, N. L., & Kuhl, D. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography
- Published
- 1995-07
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 541-547
- ISSN
- 0363-8715 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1964006251
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ns024896-15)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01 NS24896)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, glucose metabolism, passive optical networks, 18F-FDG PET, thalamus, putamen, cerebellum, sensorimotor cortex, visual cortex
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Deoxyglucose, Energy Metabolism, Fluorine Radioisotopes, Glucose, Humans, Middle Aged, Pons, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Case-Control Studies, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
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