The Near-Death Experience Scale: Construction, Reliability, and Validity

Near-Death Experiences and the Possibility of Disembodied Consciousness: Challenges to Prevailing Neurobiological and Psychosocial Theories

Fracasso, C. L., & Friedman, H. L. (2011) · NeuroQuantology · doi:10.14704/nq.2011.9.1.389 · Cited by 25

Incidence of Near‐Death Experiences Following Attempted Suicide

Greyson, B. (1986) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.1986.tb00719.x · Cited by 25

Does the arousal system contribute to near-death and out-of-body experiences? A summary and response.

Long, J. D., & Holden, J. M. (2007) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.17514/jnds-2007-25-3-p135-169 · Cited by 24

Near-Death Experiences in a Multi-religious Hospital Population in Sri Lanka

Chandradasa, M., Wijesinghe, C., Kuruppuarachchi, K. A. L. A., & Perera, M. (2017) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-017-0442-9 · Cited by 24

Electromagnetic aftereffects of near-death experiences.

Nouri, F. M., & Holden, J. M. (2008) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.17514/jnds-2008-27-2-p83-110 · Cited by 24

Disclosing near-death experiences to professional healthcare providers and nonprofessionals.

Holden, J. M., Kinsey, L., & Moore, T. R. (2014) · Spirituality in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1037/scp0000039 · Cited by 24

Verified account of near-death experience in a physician who survived cardiac arrest

Woollacott, M. H., & Peyton, B. (2020) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2020.03.005 · Cited by 24

Leaving Body and Life Behind

Blanke, O., Faivre, N., & Diéguez, S. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800948-2.00020-0 · Cited by 25

Near-Death Experiences of Children

Morse, M. L. (1994) · Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1177/104345429401100403 · Cited by 24

Auditory Hallucinations Following Near-Death Experiences

Greyson, B., & Liester, M. B. (2004) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022167804266281 · Cited by 23

Nonordinary Experiences, Well-being and Mental Health: A Systematic Review of the Evidence and Recommendations for Future Research

Maraldi, E. D. O., Taves, A., Moll, J., Hartle, L., Moreira‐de‐Oliveira, M. E., Bortolini, T., & Fischer, R. D. (2023) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-023-01875-8 · Cited by 23

A prospectively studied near-death experience with corroborated out-of-body perceptions and unexplained healing.

Sartori, P., Badham, P., & Fenwick, P. B. C. (2006) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.17514/jnds-2006-25-2-p69-84 · Cited by 23

Intensity and memory characteristics of near-death experiences

Martial, C., Charland‐Verville, V., Cassol, H., Didone, V., der Linden, M. V., & Laureys, S. (2017) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2017.06.018 · Cited by 24

This is your brain on death: a comparative analysis of a near-death experience and subsequent 5-Methoxy-DMT experience

Michael, P., Luke, D. P., & Robinson, O. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1083361 · Cited by 24

Disclosure habits after near-death experiences: Influences, obstacles, and listeners selection.

Hoffman, R. (1995) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.17514/jnds-1995-14-1-p29-48 · Cited by 22

Near–death experiences. A theological interpretation

Goris, H. (2014) · Bijdragen · doi:10.1080/21692327.2014.938098 · Cited by 21

Long-term transformational effects of near-death experiences

Long, J. D., & Woollacott, M. H. (2024) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2024.103030 · Cited by 20

Near-death experiences in India: They have tunnels too.

Blackmore, S. (1993) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.17514/jnds-1993-11-4-p205-217 · Cited by 20

Mapping the functional brain state of a world champion freediver in static dry apnea

Annen, J., Panda, R., Martial, C., Piarulli, A., Nery, G., Sanz, L. R. D., Valdivia–Valdivia, J. M., Ledoux, D., Gosseries, O., & Laureys, S. (2021) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-021-02361-1 · Cited by 19

Which near-death experience features are associated with reduced fear of death?

Pehlivanova, M., Carroll, A., & Greyson, B. (2022) · Mortality · doi:10.1080/13576275.2021.2017868 · Cited by 19

Studying death and near‐death experiences requires neuroscientific expertise

Martial, C., Gosseries, O., Cassol, H., & Kondziella, D. (2022) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14888 · Cited by 21

Burn Survivors’ Near-Death Experiences: A Qualitative Examination

Royse, D. D., & Badger, K. (2018) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/0030222818755286 · Cited by 19

Near-death experiences in India: They have tunnels too

Blackmore, S. (1993) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.1007/bf01078238 · Cited by 19

False memory susceptibility in coma survivors with and without a near-death experience

Martial, C., Charland‐Verville, V., Dehon, H., & Laureys, S. (2017) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-017-0855-9 · Cited by 18

The Spectrum of End-of-Life Experiences: A Tool for Advancing Death Education

(2022) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228211052342 · Cited by 18

Life Satisfaction, Life Review, and Near-Death Experiences in the Elderly

Olson, M., & Dulaney, P. E. (1993) · Journal of Holistic Nursing · doi:10.1177/089801019301100406 · Cited by 18

Near-Death Experiences and Ayahuasca-Induced Experiences - Two Unique Pathways to a Phenomenologically Similar State of Consciousness

Liester, M. B. (2013) · The Journal of transpersonal psychology · Cited by 18

Unusual Psychological Manifestation of Systemic Local Anesthetic Toxicity

Marsch, S. C. U., Schaefer, H.-G., & Castelli, I. (1998) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199802000-00035 · Cited by 18

Hospice Patients’ End-of-Life Dreams and Visions: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies

Rabitti, E., Cavuto, S., Crescitelli, M. E. D., Bassi, M. C., & Ghirotto, L. (2023) · American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® · doi:10.1177/10499091231163571 · Cited by 17

Memories of near-death experiences: are they self-defining?

Cassol, H., D’Argembeau, A., Charland‐Verville, V., Laureys, S., & Martial, C. (2019) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niz002 · Cited by 17

Migraine aura, a predictor of near-death experiences in a crowdsourced study

Kondziella, D., Olsen, M. H., Lemâle, C. L., & Dreier, J. P. (2019) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.8202 · Cited by 17

Near-death experiences and satisfaction with life.

Greyson, B. (1994) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.17514/jnds-1994-13-2-p103-108 · Cited by 17

Factors Related to the Depth of Near-Death Experiences: Testing the “Embellishment over Time” Hypothesis

Alvarado, C. S., & Zingrone, N. L. (1998) · Imagination Cognition and Personality · doi:10.2190/vyqp-867c-newq-f054 · Cited by 16

Dying To Be Me: My Journey from Cancer, to Near Death, to True Healing

Moorjani, A. (2022) · Cited by 16

Out-of-Body Experiences and Physical Body Activity and Posture

Zingrone, N. L., Alvarado, C. S., & Cardeña, E. (2010) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3181cc0d6d · Cited by 16

Near-death-experiences in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors. Meaningful phenomena or just fantasy of death?

Martens, P. R. (1994) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/0300-9572(94)90010-8 · Cited by 16

Between life and death: the brain twilight zones

Charpier, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1156368 · Cited by 15

Struggles reported integrating intense spiritual experiences: Results from a survey using the Integration of Spiritually Transformative Experiences Inventory.

Brook, M. G. (2019) · Psychology of Religion and Spirituality · doi:10.1037/rel0000258 · Cited by 15

Near-Death Experience Memories Include More Episodic Components Than Flashbulb Memories

Cassol, H., Bonin, E., Bastin, C., Puttaert, N., Charland‐Verville, V., Laureys, S., & Martial, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00888 · Cited by 15

Personality traits and pattern of beliefs of near-death(-like) experiencers

Bicego, A., Cassol, H., Simon, J., Fritz, P., Abagnale, S., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Laureys, S., & Martial, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1124739 · Cited by 15

Exploring the Mystery of Near-Death Experiences

Schoenbeck, S. B. (1993) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/00000446-199305000-00016 · Cited by 15

Exploring near death experiences with children post intensive care: A case series

Thomas, D., & O'Connor, G. (2024) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2023.11.003 · Cited by 14

VR models of death and psychedelics: an aesthetic paradigm for design beyond day-to-day phenomenology

Glowacki, D. R. (2024) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2023.1286950 · Cited by 15

Cases of reincarnation type with memories from the intermission between lives.

Sharma, P. C., & Tucker, J. B. (2004) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.17514/jnds-2004-23-2-p101-118 · Cited by 14

The divided self: Near death experiences of resuscitated patients – A review of literature

Cant, R., Cooper, S. J., Chung, C., & O’Connor, M. (2011) · International Emergency Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2011.05.005 · Cited by 14

Awareness during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Ali, A., Salim, B., Tahir, S., Islam, F., & Khan, M. F. (2020) · Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23345 · Cited by 14

Disclosure needs and motives after a near-death experience.

Hoffman, R. (1995) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.17514/jnds-1995-13-4-p237-266 · Cited by 14

Full Neurological Recovery From Escherichia coli Meningitis Associated With Near-Death Experience

Khanna, S., Moore, L. E., & Greyson, B. (2018) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000874 · Cited by 13

Adversarial Collaboration on a Drake-S Equation for the Survival Question

Laythe, B. R., & Houran, J. (2022) · Journal of Scientific Exploration · doi:10.31275/20222357 · Cited by 13

Sawing the branch of near‐death experience research: A critical analysis of Parnia et al.’s paper

Évrard, R., Pratte, E. A., & Rabeyron, T. (2022) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14846 · Cited by 13

"Til death do us part:" Marital aftermath of one spouse's near death experience.

Christian, R., & Holden, J. M. (2012) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.17514/jnds-2012-30-4-p207-231 · Cited by 13

The life review experience: Qualitative and quantitative characteristics

Katz, J., Saadon‐Grosman, N., & Arzy, S. (2016) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.10.011 · Cited by 15

An assessment of physicians' knowledge of and attitudes toward the near-death experience.

Moore, L. H. (1994) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.17514/jnds-1994-13-2-p91-102 · Cited by 13

Illusions of Immortality

Ganeri, J. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-6707-5_3 · Cited by 12

Ayahuasca-induced personal death experiences: prevalence, characteristics, and impact on attitudes toward death, life, and the environment

David, J., Bouso, J. C., Kohek, M., Oña, G., Tadmor, N., Arnon, T., Dor‐Ziderman, Y., & Berkovich‐Ohana, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1287961 · Cited by 12

EEG signature of near-death-like experiences during syncope-induced periods of unresponsiveness

Martial, C., Piarulli, A., Gosseries, O., Cassol, H., Ledoux, D., Charland‐Verville, V., & Laureys, S. (2024) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120759 · Cited by 13

A comparative study of near-death experience and non-near-death experience outcomes in 56 survivors of clinical death.

Bonenfant, R. J. (2004) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.17514/jnds-2004-22-3-p155-178 · Cited by 12

Combat Near-Death Experiences: An Exploratory Study

Goza, T. H., Holden, J. M., & Kinsey, L. (2014) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-14-00051 · Cited by 12

Meaning making after a near-death experience: The relevance of intrapsychic and interpersonal dynamics

Bianco, S., Sambin, M., & Palmieri, A. (2017) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2017.1310768 · Cited by 12

“FALSE POSITIVE” CLAIMS OF NEAR-DEATH EXPERIENCES AND “FALSE NEGATIVE” DENIALS OF NEAR-DEATH EXPERIENCES

Greyson, B. (2005) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180590906156 · Cited by 12

Failure to elicit near-death experiences in induced cardiac arrest.

Greyson, B., Holden, J., & Mounsey, J. P. (2006) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.17514/jnds-2006-25-2-p85-98 · Cited by 12

Marital Satisfaction and Stability Following a Near-Death Experience of One of the Marital Partners

Christian, S. R. (2005) · doi:10.12794/metadc4893 · Cited by 12

Rationale and considerations for proposed near-death research in the hospital setting

Holden, J. M. (1988) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.1007/bf01076746 · Cited by 12

Exploring the transformative potential of out-of-body experiences: A pathway to enhanced empathy

Weiler, M., Acunzo, D. J., Cozzolino, P. J., & Greyson, B. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105764 · Cited by 11

Religious and spiritual experiences from a neuroscientific and complex systems perspective

Jedlička, P., & Havenith, M. N. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106319 · Cited by 15

Postcards From Heaven and Hell: Understanding the Near-Death Experience Through Art

Rominger, R. (2010) · Art Therapy · doi:10.1080/07421656.2010.10129561 · Cited by 11

The energy of despair: Do near-death experiences have an evolutionary value?

Évrard, R., Toutain, C., Glazier, J. W., & Maléfan, P. L. (2018) · Psychology of Consciousness Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/cns0000166 · Cited by 14

Re-expanding the phenomenology of hallucinations: lessons from sixteenth-century Spain

Jones, S. R. (2010) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674670903295093 · Cited by 12

Near-Death Experiences and the Psychology of Death

Tassell-Matamua, N. (2014) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/om.68.3.e · Cited by 11

Postcesarean Pulmonary Embolism, Sustained Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Embolectomy, and Near-Death Experience

Marty, A. T., Hilton, F. L., Spear, R. K., & Greyson, B. (2005) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000164054.53501.96 · Cited by 11

Transformations in Self-Understanding after Near-Death Experiences

Raft, D. D., & Andresen, J. J. (1986) · Contemporary Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/00107530.1986.10746130 · Cited by 11

Near-death experiences among a sample of Iranian Muslims.

Fracasso, C. L., Aleyasin, S. A., Friedman, H. L., & Young, M. (2010) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.17514/jnds-2010-29-1-p265-272 · Cited by 10

What happens in the brain when we die? Deciphering the neurophysiology of the final moments in life

Shlobin, N. A., Aru, J., Vicente, R., & Zemmar, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1143848 · Cited by 13

‘I feel more spiritual’. Increased spirituality after a near-death experience

Tassell-Matamua, N., & Steadman, K. (2017) · Journal for the Study of Spirituality · doi:10.1080/20440243.2017.1290030 · Cited by 10

The phenomenology of the self-conscious mind.

Mays, R. G., & Mays, S. B. (2008) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.17514/jnds-2008-27-1-p5-45 · Cited by 10

Near-death experiences in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Schoenbeck, S. B., & Hocutt, G. D. (1991) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.1007/bf01073447 · Cited by 10

Variations from the prototypic near-death experience: The "individually tailored" hypothesis.

Serdahely, W. J. (1995) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.17514/jnds-1995-13-3-p185-196 · Cited by 10

Neuro-functional modeling of near-death experiences in contexts of altered states of consciousness

Romand, R., & Ehret, G. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.846159 · Cited by 10

A comparative analysis of Japanese and Western NDEs.

Ohkado, M., & Greyson, B. (2014) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.17514/jnds-2014-32-4-p187-198 · Cited by 9

Does Learning About Near-Death Experiences Promote Psycho-Spiritual Benefits in Those Who Have Not Had a Near-Death Experience?

Tassell-Matamua, N., Lindsay, N. M., Bennett, S. T., Valentine, H., & Pahina, J. (2016) · Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/19349637.2016.1206844 · Cited by 9

The near-death experience: A study of its validity.

Pacciolla, A. (1996) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.17514/jnds-1996-14-3-p179-185 · Cited by 9

Development of the Italian Version of the Near-Death Experience Scale

Pistoia, F., Mattiacci, G., Sarà, M., Padua, L., Macchi, C., & Sacco, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00045 · Cited by 9

Ipnosi ed esperienze di premorte nel continuum delle espressioni non ordinarie della mente

Facco, E. (2018) · IPNOSI · doi:10.3280/ipn2018-001002 · Cited by 9

Clinique des expériences de mort imminente : du vécu agonistique aux formes extrêmes de symbolisation

Rabeyron, T., & Bergs, A. (2020) · L Évolution Psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.evopsy.2020.04.006 · Cited by 9

Towards a Neuro-scientific Explanation of Near-death Experiences?

Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Thonnard, M., & Laureys, S. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-92276-6_85 · Cited by 9

The Near-Death Experience

Groth‐Marnat, G. (1989) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022167889291008 · Cited by 9

What carers need to understand about the near-death experience

Serdahely, W. J., Drenk, A., & Serdahely, J. J. (1988) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/s0197-4572(88)80151-4 · Cited by 9

Systematic Review on the Aftereffects of Near-Death Experiences

Miquel-Sendra, A., & García‐Alandete, J. (2025) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228251350515 · Cited by 8

The Near-Death Experience and Self-Determination Theory

King, R. A. (2022) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228221126561 · Cited by 8

Near‐death experiences are associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep intrusions in migraine patients, independent of migraine aura

Raffaelli, B., Kull, P., Mecklenburg, J., Lange, K. S., Overeem, L. H., Fitzek, M. P., Siebert, A., Steinicke, M., Triller, P., Neeb, L., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.15991 · Cited by 7

Impact of a near-death experience and religious conversion on the mental health of a criminal: case report and literature review

Braghetta, C. C., Santana, G. P., Cordeiro, Q., Rigonatti, S. P., & Lucchetti, G. (2013) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1590/s2237-60892013000100010 · Cited by 7

Near-Death Experiences: Actual Considerations

Charland‐Verville, V., Martial, C., Cassol, H., & Laureys, S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55964-3_14 · Cited by 7

The Near-Death Experience

McEvoy, M. D. (1991) · Loss Grief & Care · doi:10.1300/j132v04n01_07 · Cited by 7

Extraordinary Experiences and Religious Beliefs

Shushan, G. (2014) · Method & Theory in the Study of Religion · doi:10.1163/15700682-12341319 · Cited by 7

The “near-death experience” during comas: Psychotraumatic suffering or the taming of reality?

Auxéméry, Y. (2013) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.05.021 · Cited by 7

An exploration of the roles of trauma and dissociation in mystical experiences and near-death experiences

Nobakht, H. N., & Dale, K. Y. (2018) · Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/19349637.2018.1439796 · Cited by 7

Hypno-death-experiences: Death experiences during hypnotic life regressions

Pederzoli, L., Stefano, E. D., & Tressoldi, P. E. (2019) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2019.1626949 · Cited by 7

Near-Death Experiences and Religious Experience: An Exploration of Spirituality in Medicine

Kopel, J. J., & Webb, M. O. (2022) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel13020156 · Cited by 7

Towards a Neuro-scientific Explanation of Near-death Experiences?

Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Thonnard, M., & Laureys, S. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-92278-2_85 · Cited by 7

Rasch Scaling of a Screening Instrument

Maurer, K., & Häfner, H. (2014) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244014545326 · Cited by 7

The Near-Death Experience Content (NDE-C) scale: Development and psychometric validation

Martial, C., Simon, J., Puttaert, N., Gosseries, O., Charland‐Verville, V., Nyssen, A., Greyson, B., Laureys, S., & Cassol, H. (2020) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2020.103049 · Cited by 77

Development of the Italian Version of the Near-Death Experience Scale

Pistoia, F., Mattiacci, G., Sarà, M., Padua, L., Macchi, C., & Sacco, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00045 · Cited by 9

Operationalizing near‑death experiences: Stability of the NDE Rasch hierarchy over two decades

Pehlivanova, M., Lange, R., Greyson, B., & Houran, J. (2026) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2025.103979 · Cited by 2

Validation of the Near-Death Experience Content Scale in cardiac arrest survivors

Stripp, T. A., & Hvidt, N. C. (2016) · Danish Medical Journal · doi:10.61409/a12251012

Validity and reliability of the Near-Death Experience Scale-6 (NDE-6).

Prosnick, & Evans (2003) · The Journal of near-death studies · doi:10.17514/jnds-2003-22-2-p133-144