The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Recovery style from mental illness and long-term outcome.
Abstract
Integration and sealing over have been identified as clinically distinct recovery styles from schizophrenia. Specific definitions and scales of these styles were applied reliably to 231 patients from the Chestnut Lodge follow-up study at long-term outcome (15 year average). Data were analyzed for the entire sample and for diagnostic subgroups: schizophrenia, schizoaffective and unipolar affective disorders, and schizotypal and borderline personality disorders. Results find that integration and sealing over are strongly correlated with functional outcome. While linked somewhat to type of psychopathology, these styles are best conceived as enduring personality trait characteristics in the nature of predictors.
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In the citing paper
“meaning-making styles in psychosis are not static but can change over time (58–61).”
From Making meaning of trauma in psychosis (2023) · cites this paper as [58]
In the citing paper
“a recovery style directed at turning toward and integrating experiences predicts better functioning on the long term”
From Making meaning of trauma in psychosis (2023) · cites this paper as [58]
Citations
Cited by
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Items 101–134 of 134
Trauma and First‐Episode Psychosis
Bernard, M. M., Jackson, C., & Patterson, P. H. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9781444318814.ch19 · Cited by 5
Chen, E. Y. H., Wong, S. M. Y., Tang, E. Y. H., Lei, K. S., Suen, Y. N., & Hui, C. L. M. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13071069 · Cited by 4
Bechgaard, B. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/jaap.31.1.119.21936 · Cited by 4
Zanello, A., Berthoud, L., & Bacchetta, J.-P. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1293-3 · Cited by 3
“In addition, it is important to note that patients may benefit from a specific treatment approach according to their recovery style [41, [56] [57] [58] [59] .”
BackgroundA “blip in the road”: experiences of identity after a first episode of psychosis
Friesen, P., Goldstein, J., & Dixon, L. B. (2021) · Psychosis · doi:10.1080/17522439.2021.1876159 · Cited by 3
“While McGlashan and colleagues acknowledged that there is a wide spectrum of recovery styles between these extremes, they also found that the distinction was clinically relevant, and that integration tends to be associated with recovery (McGlashan, 1987; McGlashan et al., 1976).”
BackgroundHistory of the formation of views on schizotypal disorder in childhood
Goryunov, А. V. (2021) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202112109190 · Cited by 3
Kinoshita, F., Yagi, G., Inomata, T., et al. (1991) · The Keio Journal of Medicine · doi:10.2302/kjm.40.129 · Cited by 3
Startup, M. (2006) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-005-9002-9 · Cited by 2
“Thus, rather than try to alter clients’ recovery styles, a more appropriate aim might be to match treatment to the clients’ styles (McGlashan, 1987).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLa psychiatrie communautaire dans l'inclusion sociale des troubles de santé mentale
Bonsack, C. (2016) · Swiss Archives of Neurology Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.4414/sanp.2016.00417 · Cited by 2
Hendry, G. L. (2011) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 2
Duelo y recuperación tras el inicio de la psicosis
Valencia‐Agudo, F. (2014) · Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría · doi:10.4321/s0211-57352014000100002 · Cited by 1
Principes et efficacité de la psychoéducation
Petitjean, F. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-75915-4.00051-7 · Cited by 1
Understanding insight development in early psychosis : a narrative approach
Macnaughton, E. (2008) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0066719 · Cited by 1
An exploration of the ways in which people with auditory hallucinations relate to their voices
Hayward, M. (2001) · Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) · Cited by 1
First episode psychosis and psychological development in young adulthood
McEachran, A. K. (2006) · Summit (Simon Fraser University)
Hardacre, M. E. (2013) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Grundlagen und Wirksamkeit psychodynamischer Behandlungen bei Psychosekranken
Hartwich, P., & Grube, M. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44246-3_1
Leonard, L., Jones, F. W., & Cupitt, C. (2012) · Psychosis · doi:10.1080/17522439.2012.722226
“Keywords: psychosis; metacognition; recovery style; mood One widely accepted theory of recovery from psychosis is that individuals adopt either an “integrative” or “sealing-over” recovery style (McGlashan, 1987).”
BackgroundWidening the concept of insight in the treatment of schizophrenic disorder
Vender, S., Fraticelli, C., Moalli, M., et al. (2010) · Giornale italiano di psicopatologia/Journal of psychopathology/Italian journal of psychopathology
Adherence to Treatment in Patients with Psychosis
Staring, A. B. P. (2010) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam)
Using broadband to support youth mental healthPreprint
Lederman, R., Wadley, G., Gleeson, J., & Álvarez‐Jiménez, M. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.4324/9780203754184-19
Navigating Language Games Around Psychosis
Watts, J. (2017) · British Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1111/bjp.12289
Validation of the Recovery Style Questionnaire in Outpatients With Affective Disorders
Zanello, A., Berthoud, L., & Sentissi, O. (2019) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000984 · Cited by 1
Bray, P. (2005) · Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey)
Remission or Transformation? The Question of Recovery in First Episode Psychosis
Allen, M., & Graham, B. (2020) · Journal of Constructivist Psychology · doi:10.1080/10720537.2020.1764886
“Recovery style addresses the client’s relationship to their symptomatic experiences and the degree to which they incorporate them into their self-concept (i.e., vs. splitting them off) (McGlashan, 1987).”
BackgroundThornhill, H. (2002) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
Shame and the emotional impact of schizophrenia
George, D. (1999) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
Using Broadband to Support Youth Mental HealthPreprint
Lederman, R., Wadley, G., Gleeson, J., & Álvarez‐Jiménez, M. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2557858
French, P., & Morrison, A. P. (2004) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470713259.refs
Chen, E. Y. H., Wong, S. M. Y., So, M. M., Suen, Y. N., & Hui, C. L. M. (2025) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291724003027 · Cited by 2
“In contrast, in the ‘ sealing over ’ recovery style, patients ‘ tend to isolate the psychotic experiences ’ (McGlashan, 1987).”
InfluentialMedication Non‐Adherence in First Episode Psychosis: A Systematic Review
Hunt, J., & Georgiades, A. (2026) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.70234
Talking about hearing voices : a narrative analysis of experience
O’Halloran, L. (2014) · Figshare
Metadata
- Authors
- McGLASHAN, T. H.
- Corresponding author
- McGLASHAN, THOMAS H.
- Venue
- The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
- Published
- 1987-11
- Volume
- 175
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 681-685
- ISSN
- 0022-3018 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2066056799
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, integration, long-term outcomes, functional outcome, schizoaffective disorder, unipolar affective disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, personality traits, prognostic factors
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Awareness, Mental Disorders, Borderline Personality Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Personality, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenic Psychology, Schizotypal Personality Disorder
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