Postinjury Multiple Organ Failure: A Bimodal Phenomenon
Abstract
To better define the epidemiology of postinjury multiple organ failure (MOF), we prospectively evaluated 457 high-risk trauma patients who survived more than 48 hours. Overall, 70 (15%) developed MOF. In 27 (39%) patients, the occurrence was early, while in 43 (61%) patients the presentation was delayed. At presentation, early MOF had more cardiac dysfunction, while late MOF had greater hepatic failure. Indices of shock were more critical risk factors for early MOF, while advanced age was more important for late MOF. While early and late MOF had a similar high incidence of major infections, these appeared to be more important in precipitating late MOF. Finally, while mortality is similar, early MOF patients appear to succumb faster. In conclusion, postinjury MOF remains a significant challenge and appears to present in at least two patterns (i.e., early versus late). Better understanding of the relative roles of the dysfunctional inflammation and infections in early MOF versus late MOF may facilitate the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of morbid syndrome.
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Patients in intensive care suffering from shock, infection, or trauma react inadequately to a renewed challenge like surgery, the second hit phenomenon.
“It has long been known that patients in intensive care suffering from shock, infection, or trauma react inadequately to a renewed challenge like surgery. This has also been called the phenomenon of the second hit.126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131”
From Hypoalbuminemia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance (2019) · cites this paper as [126]
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Ivaşcu, R., Torsin, L. I., Hostiuc, L., Niţipir, C., Corneci, D. E., & Duţu, M. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13103017 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome: The Cause or Effect of Postinjury Multiple Organ Failure
Balogh, Z. J., McKinley, B. A., Cox, C. S., Allen, S. J., Cocanour, C. S., Kozar, R. A., Moore, E. E., Miller, C. C., Weisbrodt, N. W., & Moore, F. A. (2003) · Shock · doi:10.1097/01.shk.0000093346.68755.43 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Self-citationMaier, B., Lefering, R. L., Lehnert, M., Laurer, H. L., Steudel, W. I., Neugebauer, E. A. M., & Marzi, İ. (2007) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0b013e318123e64e · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Aggressive early crystalloid resuscitation adversely affects outcomes in adult blunt trauma patients
Kasotakis, G., Sideris, A., Yang, Y., de Moya, M., Alam, H. B., King, D. R., Tompkins, R. G., & Velmahos, G. C. (2013) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e3182826e13 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Is a Restrictive Transfusion Strategy Safe for Resuscitated and Critically Ill Trauma Patients?
McIntyre, L., Hébert, P. C., Wells, G. A., Fergusson, D. A., Marshall, J. C., Yetisir, E., & Blajchman, M. (2004) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/01.ta.0000136158.93864.54 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Horiguchi, H., Loftus, T. J., Hawkins, R. B., Raymond, S. L., Stortz, J. A., Hollen, M. K., Weiss, B. P., Miller, E. S., Bihorac, A., Larson, S. D., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00595 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationPartrick, D. A., Moore, F. A., Moore, E. E., Biffl, W. L., Sauaia, A., & Barnett, C. C. (1996) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(96)00252-8 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationMinei, J. P., Cuschieri, J., Sperry, J. L., Moore, E. E., West, M. A., Harbrecht, B. G., O’Keefe, G. E., Cohen, M. J. M., Moldawer, L. L., Tompkins, R. G., et al. (2011) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182376e9f · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Self-citationfor the Traumabase® Group, Harrois, A., Soyer, B., Gauss, T., Hamada, S., Raux, M., & Duranteau, J. (2018) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-018-2265-9 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Temporal trends of postinjury multiple-organ failure
Sauaia, A., Moore, E. E., Johnson, J. L., Chin, T. L., Banerjee, A. M., Sperry, J. L., Maier, R. V., & Burlew, C. C. (2014) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0000000000000147 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of Blood Products Transfusion on the Development of Postinjury Multiple Organ Failure
Johnson, J. L. (2010) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.2010.216 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
VALIDATION OF POSTINJURY MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE SCORES
Sauaia, A., Moore, E. E., Johnson, J. L., Ciesla, D. J., Biffl, W. L., & Banerjee, A. M. (2009) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0b013e31818ba4c6 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationMultiple organ dysfunction after trauma
Cole, E. M., Gillespie, S., Vulliamy, P., Brohi, K., Akkad, H. A. E. R. E., Αποστολίδου, Χ., Ardley, R., Aylwin, C. J., Bassford, C. R., Bonner, S., et al. (2019) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.11361 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Massive Transfusion Protocols for Patients With Substantial Hemorrhage
Young, P. P., Cotton, B. A., & Goodnough, L. T. (2011) · Transfusion Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.tmrv.2011.04.002 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Cairns, C. B., Moore, F. A., Haenel, J. B., Gallea, B. L., Ortner, J. P., Rose, S. J., & Moore, E. E. (1997) · doi:10.1097/00005373-199703000-00023 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationSHOCK AND HEMORRHAGE: AN OVERVIEW OF ANIMAL MODELS
Lomas, J. L., Perl, M., Chung, C., & Ayala, A. (2005) · Shock · doi:10.1097/01.shk.0000191411.48719.ab · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Fibrinogen and platelet contributions to clot formation
Kornblith, L. Z., Kutcher, M., Redick, B. J., Calfee, C. S., Vilardi, R. F., & Cohen, M. J. M. (2014) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0000000000000108 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Borgman, M. A., Spinella, P. C., Holcomb, J. B., Blackbourne, L. H., Wade, C. E., Lefering, R. L., Bouillon, B., & Maegele, M. (2011) · Vox Sanguinis · doi:10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01466.x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Increased CD4+ CD25+ T Regulatory Cell Activity in Trauma Patients Depresses Protective Th1 Immunity
MacConmara, M. P., Maung, A. A., Fujimi, S., McKenna, A. M., Delisle, A. J., Lapchak, P. H., Rogers, S., Lederer, J. A., & Mannick, J. A. (2006) · Transactions of the Meeting of the American Surgical Association · doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000239031.06906.1f · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Zhao, Y., Li, S., Childs, E. E., Kuharsky, D. K., & Yin, X. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m102465200 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Massive Transfusion in Trauma Patients: Tissue Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation Predicts Poor Outcome
Moore, F. A., Nelson, T., McKinley, B. A., Moore, E. E., Nathens, A. B., Rhee, P., Puyana, J. C., Beilman, G. J., & Cohn, S. M. (2008) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e31816a2417 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain-lung crosstalk: Implications for neurocritical care patients
Mrozek, S., Constantin, J., & Geeraerts, T. (2015) · World Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.5492/wjccm.v4.i3.163 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Cabrera, C., Manson, J., Shepherd, J. M., Torrance, H. D. T., Watson, D., Longhi, M. P., Hoti, M., Patel, M. B., O’Dwyer, M. J., Nourshargh, S., et al. (2017) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002352 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Splanchnic ischaemia/reperfusion and multiple organ failure
Biffl, W. L., & Moore, E. E. (1996) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/77.1.59 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationPlasma concentration of Gc-globulin is associated with organ dysfunction and sepsis after injury
Dahl, B., Schiødt, F. V., Ott, P., Wians, F. H., Lee, W. M., Balko, J. A., & O’Keefe, G. E. (2003) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200301000-00024 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
O’Keefe, G. E., Hybki, D. P., & Munford, R. S. (2002) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/00005373-200205000-00001 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Near infrared spectroscopy for evaluation of the trauma patient: a technology review
Ward, K. R., Ivatury, R. R., Barbee, R. W., Terner, J., Pittman, R. N., Filho, I. P. T., & Spiess, B. D. (2005) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2005.06.022 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Unique pattern of complications in elderly trauma patients at a Level I trauma center
Adams, S. D., Cotton, B. A., McGuire, M. F., Dipasupil, E., Podbielski, J. M., Zaharia, A., Ware, D. N., Gill, B. S., Albarado, R. P., Kozar, R. A., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e318241f073 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Detoxifying endotoxin: time, place and person
Munford, R. S. (2005) · Journal of Endotoxin Research · doi:10.1179/096805105x35161 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Cumming, J., Purdue, G. F., Hunt, J. L., & Keefe, A. G. E. O. (2001) · doi:10.1097/00005373-200103000-00016 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Rasmussen, T. E., Hallett, J. W., Noel, A. A., Jenkins, G. D., Bower, T. C., Cherry, K. J., Panneton, J. M., & Gloviczki, P. (2002) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1067/mva.2002.120384 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Beilman, G. J., Blondet, J. J., Nelson, T., Nathens, A. B., Moore, F. A., Rhee, P., Puyana, J. C., Moore, E. E., & Cohn, S. M. (2009) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e3181a41f6f · Cited by 112 · see citing works
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Atrial fibrillation in trauma patients requiring intensive care
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Enhanced Regulatory T Cell Activity Is an Element of the Host Response to Injury
Choileain, N. N., MacConmara, M. P., 臧焰, Murphy, T. J., Mannick, J. A., & Lederer, J. A. (2006) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.176.1.225 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Sex differences and estrogen modulation of the cellular immune response after injury
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Predicting multiple organ failure in patients with severe trauma.
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Efron, P. A., Mohr, A. M., Bihorac, A., Horiguchi, H., Hollen, M. K., Segal, M. S., Baker, H. V., Leeuwenburgh, C., Moldawer, L. L., Moore, F. A., et al. (2018) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2018.04.011 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationIkossi, D. G., Knudson, M. M., Morabito, D. J., Cohen, M. J. M., Wan, J. J., Khaw, L., Stewart, C. J., Hemphill, C., & Manley, G. A. (2006) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/01.ta.0000239500.71419.58 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Ageing, Defence Mechanisms and the Immune System
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Cytokines in Patients with Polytrauma
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Postinjury abdominal compartment syndrome: from recognition to prevention
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Self-citationParticipation of tissue factor and thrombin in posttraumatic systemic inflammatory syndrome
Gando, S., Kameue, T., Nanzaki, S., Hayakawa, T., & Nakanishi, Y. (1997) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199711000-00019 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Injury research in the genomic era
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Sandler, N., Kaczmarek, E., Itagaki, K., Zheng, Y. Z., Otterbein, L. E., Khabbaz, K. R., Liu, D., Senthilnathan, V., Gruen, R. L., & Hauser, C. J. (2017) · Heart Lung and Circulation · doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2017.02.014 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Chronic stress induces persistent low-grade inflammation
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Rosenthal, M. D., & Moore, F. A. (2015) · Journal of Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism · doi:10.14800/janhm.784 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationPersistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism: Evolution of Multiple Organ Dysfunction
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Self-citationCurrent views on the mechanisms of immune responses to trauma and infection
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Linking the “two-hit” response following injury to enhanced TLR4 reactivity
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Lin, J.-J., Chung, X.-J., Yang, C.-Y., & Lau, H.-L. (2013) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2012.11.008 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Foex, B. A. (1999) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1258/0007142991902745 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Cryer, H. G., Leong, K., McArthur, D. L., Δημητριάδης, Δ., Bongard, F. S., Fleming, A. W., Hiatt, J. R., & Kraus, J. F. (1999) · doi:10.1097/00005373-199904000-00007 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Aging and the pathogenic response to burn.
Rani, M., & Schwacha, M. G. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Perl, M., Gebhard, F. T., Brückner, U. B., Ayala, A., Braumüller, S. T., Büttner, C., Kinzl, L., & Knöferl, M. W. (2005) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000166352.28018.a9 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Age-Related Differences in the Metabolic Response to Injury
Frankenfield, D. C., Cooney, R. N., Smith, J. S., & Rowe, W. A. (2000) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/00005373-200001000-00009 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
- Authors
- Moore, F. A., Sauaia, A., Moore, E. E., Haenel, J. B., Burch, J. M., & Lezotte, D. C.
- Affiliations
- Denver Health Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care
- Published
- 1996-04
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 501-512
- ISSN
- 1079-6061
- OpenAlex
- W2002764610
- Cited by
- 491
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 23.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P50-GM-49222-0, P50GM049222)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Trauma, Hemostasis, Coagulopathy, Resuscitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- multiple organ failure, trauma patients, liver failure, cardiac dysfunction, shock, infection, risk factors, mortality, sepsis, systemic inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Organ Failure, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Wounds and Injuries, Injury Severity Score
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