Cited by 337Sleep and related disordersPsychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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Onset of Insomnia: Role of Life-Stress Events1

Healey, Shevy E., Kales, Anthony, Monroe, Lawrence J., Bixler, Edward O., Chamberlin, Katherine, Soldatos, Constantin R.·1981·Psychosomatic Medicine

DOI 10.1097/00006842-198110000-00007

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Abstract

During the year their insomnia began, chronic insomniacs experienced a greater number of stressful life events compared with previous or subsequent years and compared with good sleepers. In addition, among the life event categories assessed, insomniacs reported a greater number of undesirable events, particularly events related to losses and to ill health. They also had lifelong histories of more illnesses and somatic complaints, beginning with more childhood illnesses and more childhood problems related to eating and sleeping. During childhood, insomniacs reported more frequent discontent with their families, and prior to the onset of insomnia, they had less satisfying relationships with their parents as well as problems in other interpersonal relations and in their self-concepts. Currently, insomniacs felt considerably less satisfied with their lives, had lower self-concepts, and had greater difficulty with interpersonal relationships. Thus, stressful life events, mediated by certain predisposing factors of personal vulnerability, were found to be closely related to the onset of chronic insomnia.

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Fernández‐Mendoza, J. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815373-4.00029-0 · Cited by 13
Insomnia Treatment Options for Women
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Is Freud's theory well-founded?
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Strange themes in pandemic dreams: Insomnia was associated with more negative, anxious and death‐related dreams during the COVID ‐19 pandemic
Meaklim, H., Burge, M. T., Le, F., Bains, S. K., Saunders, W. J., Ghosh, S., Junge, M. F., Varma, P., Rehm, I. C., & Jackson, M. L. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13655 · Cited by 12
Sleep Characteristics, Sleep Problems, and Associations to Quality of Life among Psychotherapists
Schlarb, A. A., Reis, D., & Schröder, A. (2012) · Sleep Disorders · doi:10.1155/2012/806913 · Cited by 12
“Also, Healey and colleagues reported that a new onset of insomnia is generally more frequent among women and individuals with a perceived stressful [8].”
Background
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Souders, M. C., Eriksen, W., Bennett, A. E., Prasad, R., & Jackson, S. Z. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98414-8_11 · Cited by 12
The condition of insomnia: Etiopathogenetic considerations and their impact on treatment practices
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“the onset of insomnia and involve major stressors, either acute such as separation, occurrence of a disease, hospitalization and death/illness of a loved one or chronic, such as occupational stress, family conflicts, and menopause (Hauri & Fisher, 1986; Healy et al., 1981; Kales & Kales, 1984; Kales et al., 1987; Spie…”
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Predicting overt behavior versus predicting hidden states
Popper, K. (1986) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00022548 · Cited by 12
Grünbaum on Freud: Three grounds for dissent
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The evidential value of the psychoanalyst's clinical data
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Sleep reactivity mediates the relationship between sensory‐processing sensitivity and insomnia symptoms severity: A cross‐sectional correlational study
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Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Insomnia - A Review of Current Data and Future Implications
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“The current findings are consistent with previous studies in demonstrating that most individuals with insomnia are able to link an event to the onset of their insomnia symptoms (Bastien et al., 2004; Healey et al., 1981).”
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An Integrative Model for the Analysis and Treatment of Insomnia
Lundh, L. (2000) · Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/028457100300049737 · Cited by 10
“There is evidence that stressful life events often precede the onset of insomnia (e.g. Healey et al. 1981).”
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Consequences of Chronic (Primary) Insomnia: Effects on Performance, Psychiatric and Medical Morbidity - An Overview. Konsequenzen der chronischen (primaren) Insomnie: Auswirkungen auf Leistungsfahigkeit, psychiatrisches und organisches Erkrankungsrisiko
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Meaklim, H., Junge, M. F., Varma, P., Finck, W. A., & Jackson, M. L. (2023) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2022.2074996 · Cited by 9
“There is a wealth of evidence that exposure to stressful events, from major life events to daily hassles, causes considerable sleep disruption (Bastien et al., 2004; Healey et al., 1981; Morin et al., 2003; Yap et al., 2020).”
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Effects of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) on sleep and temperature following predictable controllable and uncontrollable stress in mice
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The mediating effect of negative emotions on the relationship between subjective sleep quality and paranoia-like thoughts
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Seasonality, morningness-eveningness, and sleep in common non - communicable medical conditions and chronic diseases in a population
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Insomnia: Therapeutic Options for Women
Davidson, J. R. (2008) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2007.10.002 · Cited by 11
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“This is important because stress may lead to sleep trouble after internalization of stressful life events, leading to emotional and physiological activation (Healey et al., 1981).”
Background

Authors: Healey, S. E., Kales, A., Monroe, L. J., Bixler, E. O., Chamberlin, K., & Soldatos, C. R.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
ORCID: Soldatos, Constantin R.
Venue: Psychosomatic Medicine
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1981-10
Volume: 43
Issue: 5
Pages: 439-451
ISSN: 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00006842-198110000-00007
OpenAlex: W2077568972
Cited by: 337
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 5.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: chronic insomnia, life events, childhood diseases, childhood sleep problems, parent-child relationship, self-concept, interpersonal relationships, life satisfaction, somatic symptoms, disease history
MeSH terms: Adult, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Personality, Retrospective Studies, Self Concept

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Onset of Insomnia: Role of Life-Stress Events1

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