Improved resilience following digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia protects against insomnia and depression one year later
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: While the negative consequences of insomnia are well-documented, a strengths-based understanding of how sleep can increase health promotion is still emerging and much-needed. Correlational evidence has connected sleep and insomnia to resilience; however, this relationship has not yet been experimentally tested. This study examined resilience as a mediator of treatment outcomes in a randomized clinical trial with insomnia patients. METHODS: = 300), and assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 1-year follow-up. A structural equation modeling framework was utilized to test resilience as a mediator of insomnia and depression. Risk for insomnia and depression was also tested in the model, operationalized as a latent factor with sleep reactivity, stress, and rumination as indicators (aligned with the 3-P model). Sensitivity analyses tested the impact of change in resilience on the insomnia relapse and incident depression at 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: dCBT-I resulted in greater improvements in resilience compared to the sleep education control. Furthermore, improved resilience following dCBT-I lowered latent risk, which was further associated with reduced insomnia and depression at 1-year follow-up. Sensitivity analyses indicated that each point improvement in resilience following treatment reduced the odds of insomnia relapse and incident depression 1 year later by 76% and 65%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Improved resilience is likely a contributing mechanism to treatment gains following insomnia therapy, which may then reduce longer-term risk for insomnia relapse and depression.
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Recent research suggests sleep reactivity may be amenable to behavioral treatment.
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Resilience, Anger, and Insomnia in Nurses after the End of the Pandemic Crisis
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eHealth for the Treatment of Depression and Insomnia
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- Authors
- Cheng, P., Kalmbach, D. A., Hsieh, H.-F., Castelan, A. C., Sagong, C., & Drake, C. L.
- Affiliations
- Henry Ford Health (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cheng, Philip
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2022-03-08
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3826-3836
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- PMC
- PMC9452602
- OpenAlex
- W4220718306
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 5.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- Henry Ford Health System
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23HL138166)
- National Institute of Mental Health (L30 MH069156, R01MH082785, R01MH122636, K23MH068372, R56MH115150)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA038177)
- National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR013959)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- resilience, digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, insomnia, depression, depression incidence, mediation, sleep education, sleep reactivity, stress, rumination, strengths-based approach
- MeSH terms
- Depression, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Sleep, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome
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