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WOOD-ASH COMPOSITION AND SOIL PH FOLLOWING INTENSE BURNING
Abstract
Thousands of hectares of wildlands are burned annually in the western United States. The composition and mineralogy of wood-ash produced by severe burning, and the changes in pH of soils underlying the ash, were examined at five sites in Califor-nia. Soil pH increased by as much as 3 pH units (to pH 10.5) immediately after burn-ing compared with unburned soil. Approx-imately 1 to 2% of each burn area was affected to a maximum observed depth of 20 cm. The major component of fresh, white wood-ash is calcite, while K and Na carbonates are present in minor amounts. The initial very high pH values of wood-ash and surface soil are caused by K and Na oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates. These compounds are very soluble and do not persist through the wet season. The calcite is much less soluble and was present in soils 3 years after burning, maintaining moderately alkaline pH in surface soils that are normally neutral to strongly acid.
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In the citing paper
“this is linked to the more complete biomass combustion and larger quantities of oxides (CaO, KO 2 ) and carbonates produced at higher burn severities (Fig. 3) (Bodí et al., 2014;Pereira et al., 2012;Ulery et al., 1993).”
From Chemical characteristics of wildfire ash across the globe and their environmental and socio-economic implications (2023) · cites this paper as Ulery et al., 1993
In the citing paper
“Al and Fe were the third and fourth most abundant analysed elements in the ash, after C and Ca, with similar mean values (Al: 17.9 g kg -1 ash; Fe: 17.1 g kg -1 ash; Table 3), which were closer to the upper values of the overall ranges reported in previous studies (Al: 2.30 -19.0 g kg -1 , Fe: 0.10 -12.3 g kg -1 ; e.g., Brito et al., 2017;Ulery et al., 1993; Table 1).”
From Chemical characteristics of wildfire ash across the globe and their environmental and socio-economic implications (2023) · cites this paper as Ulery et al., 1993
In the citing paper
“Mean Mg and P in the ash were 5.4 and 2.5 g kg -1 ash (Table 3), respectively, and were similar to those reported in the literature (e.g., Brito et al., 2017;Ulery et al., 1993; Table 1).”
From Chemical characteristics of wildfire ash across the globe and their environmental and socio-economic implications (2023) · cites this paper as Ulery et al., 1993
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An overview of the chemical composition of biomass
Vassilev, S. V., Baxter, D., Andersen, L. K., & Vassileva, C. G. (2010) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2009.10.022 · Cited by 2,519
Wildland fire ash: Production, composition and eco-hydro-geomorphic effects
Bodí, M. B., Martin, D. A., Balfour, V. N., Santín, C., Doerr, S. H., Pereira, P., Cerdà, A., & Mataix-Solera, J. (2014) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.12.007 · Cited by 714
Butnan, S., Deenik, J. L., Toomsan, B., Antal, M. J., & Vityakon, P. (2015) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.08.010 · Cited by 282
Fire severity effects on ash chemical composition and water-extractable elements
Pereira, P., Úbeda, X., & Martin, D. A. (2012) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.005 · Cited by 215
Úbeda, X., Pereira, P., Outeiro, L., & Martin, D. A. (2009) · Land Degradation & Development · doi:10.1002/ldr.930 · Cited by 158
Metadata
- Authors
- ULERY, A. L., GRAHAM, R. C., & AMRHEIN, C.
- ORCID
- ULERY, A. L.
- Venue
- Soil Science
- Published
- 1993-11
- Volume
- 156
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 358-364
- ISSN
- 0038-075X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2017893118
- Cited by
- 372
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 0.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Soil Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil and Environmental Studies
- Keywords
- wood ash, soil pH, prescribed burning, forest fires, calcite, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, alkali metals, soil alkalinity, ash mineralogy
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