The DOI matches its Crossref record; 108 of the 109 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hope and Hopelessness at the End of Life
Abstract
Efforts to improve end-of-life care have been hindered by widespread delays in discussing and initiating this care. The dynamics of hope and hopelessness may be crucial in these delays. The author reviews recent literature concerning hope and hopelessness at the end of life. Modern dying is more prolonged and more shaped by human choice than ever before. Therefore, hope and hopelessness play a more active role in the dying process. Hopelessness is not a simple product of prognosis, but is shaped by state and trait psychological factors. Hope at the end of life can come in various forms: for cure, for survival, for comfort, for dignity, for intimacy, or for salvation. Hopelessness at the end of life is therefore not simply the absence of hope, but attachment to a form of hope that is lost. The concept of anticipatory grief may help us interpret hope and hopelessness at the end of life. Improving end-of-life care will require looking beyond prognosis and preferences to understand the dynamics of hope and hopelessness. To be successful at diversifying hope at the end of life, we must foster the trusting interpersonal environment where this is possible.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Some people find it hard to engage in meaningful activities and relationships, may lose hope, and experience anticipatory grief .6,7”
Citations
Cites
The measurement of pessimism: the hopelessness scale
Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1974) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0037562 · Cited by 5,494
An Essay concerning Human Understanding
Locke, J. (1690) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oseo/instance.00018020 · Cited by 5,214
A Controlled Trial to Improve Care for Seriously III Hospitalized Patients
Connors, A. F. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.274.20.1591 · Cited by 3,451
Caregiving as a Risk Factor for Mortality: The Caregiver Health Effects Study
Schulz, R., & Beach, S. R. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.23.2215 · Cited by 3,340
SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE GRIEF
Lindemann, E. (1944) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.101.2.141 · Cited by 3,308
Steinhauser, K. E. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.19.2476 · Cited by 2,518
(1985) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.142.5.559 · Cited by 1,723
The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among cancer patients
Derogatis, L. R. (1983) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1983.03330300035030 · Cited by 1,575
Relationship between cancer patients' predictions of prognosis and their treatment preferences
Weeks, J. C. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.21.1709 · Cited by 1,319
Medical Futility: Its Meaning and Ethical Implications
Schneiderman, L. J., Jecker, N. S., & Jonsen, A. R. (1990) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-112-12-949 · Cited by 1,215
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Rosenberg, 1996, Births and Deaths United States, 1995. Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Preliminary Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 45
- Lynn, 2000, Learning to care for people with chronic illness facing the end of life, JAMA, 284, 2508, 10.1001/jama.284.19.2508 · DOI
- Foreman, 1996, 70% would pick hospice, poll finds, Boston Globe
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hope and Hopelessness: The Role of Hope in Buffering the Impact of Hopelessness on Suicidal Ideation
Huen, J. M. Y., Ip, B. Y. T., Ho, S. M. Y., & YIP, P. S. F. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130073 · Cited by 175
Hope: A Construct Central to Nursing
Miller, J. F. (2007) · Nursing Forum · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6198.2007.00061.x · Cited by 157
Issues in End-of-Life Care: Patient, Caregiver, and Clinician Perceptions
Farber, S. J., Egnew, T. R., Herman-Bertsch, J. L., Taylor, T. R., & Guldin, G. E. (2003) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/10966210360510082 · Cited by 113
Advance Care Planning Does Not Adversely Affect Hope or Anxiety Among Patients With Advanced Cancer
Green, M. J., Schubart, J. R., Whitehead, M. M., Farace, E., Lehman, E. B., & Levi, B. H. (2014) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2014.11.293 · Cited by 116
Processes of Adjustment to End-of-Life Losses: A Reintegration Model
Knight, S. J., & Emanuel, L. L. (2007) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2006.0068 · Cited by 112
Weiner, J. S., & Cole, S. A. (2004) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2004.7.817 · Cited by 101
Hope and Related Variables in Italian Cancer Patients
Vellone, E., Rega, M. L., Galletti, C., & Cohen, M. Z. (2006) · Cancer Nursing · doi:10.1097/00002820-200609000-00002 · Cited by 87
Sachs, E., Kolva, E., Pessin, H., Rosenfeld, B. D., & BREITBART, W. S. (2012) · American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® · doi:10.1177/1049909112445371 · Cited by 88
Distress, demoralization and psychopathology: Diagnostic boundaries
de Figueiredo, J. M. (2013) · The European Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4321/s0213-61632013000100008 · Cited by 76
Abdul‐Razzak, A., You, J. J., Sherifali, D., Simon, J. E., & Brazil, K. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005653 · Cited by 68
Kasl‐Godley, J., King, D. A., & Quill, T. E. (2014) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0036735 · Cited by 68
Rosenfeld, B. D., Pessin, H., Lewis, C., Abbey, J., Olden, M., Sachs, E., Amakawa, L., Kolva, E., Brescia, R. J., & BREITBART, W. S. (2011) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0021767 · Cited by 63
A mixed method thematic review: the importance of hope to the dying patient
Broadhurst, K., & Harrington, A. (2015) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.12765 · Cited by 56
Preparing for the Worst While Hoping for the Best
Davidson, P. M., Dracup, K., Phillips, J. L., Daly, J., & Padilla, G. (2007) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.jcn.0000267821.74084.72 · Cited by 56
Olsman, E., Leget, C. J. W., Duggleby, W., & Willems, D. L. (2015) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s147895151500019x · Cited by 54
Religiosity and Hope: A Path for Women Coping With a Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
Hasson‐Ohayon, I., Braun, M., Galinsky, D., & Baider, L. (2009) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.50.5.525 · Cited by 69
Factor structure of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in individuals with advanced cancer
Nissim, R. S., Flora, D. B., Cribbie, R. A., Zimmermann, C., Gagliese, L., & Rodin, G. (2009) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1540 · Cited by 48
Mystakidou, K., Tsilika, E., Parpa, E., Athanasouli, P., Galanos, A., Anna, P., & Vlahos, L. J. (2008) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2008.04.008 · Cited by 48
Clinical Ethics Issues in Geriatric Psychiatry
Walaszek, A. (2009) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.02.004 · Cited by 46
Mystakidou, K., Tsilika, E., Parpa, E., Katsouda, E., Sakkas, P., & Soldatos, C. (2005) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-005-0797-4 · Cited by 37
Gibson Watt, T., Gillanders, D., Spiller, J. A., & Finucane, A. M. (2023) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/02692163231183101 · Cited by 32
Danışman, I. G., Yalçınay-İnan, M., & Yiğit, İ. (2017) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1080/07347332.2017.1340389 · Cited by 32
Preparatory grief, psychological distress and hopelessness in advanced cancer patients
MYSTAKIDOU, K., PARPA, E., TSILIKA, E., ATHANASOULI, P., PATHIAKI, M., GALANOS, A., PAGOROPOULOU, A., & VLAHOS, L. (2008) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2354.2007.00825.x · Cited by 48
Drifting in a Shrinking Future
Dougherty, C. M., Pyper, G. P., Au, D. H., Levy, W. C., & Sullivan, M. D. (2007) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.jcn.0000297384.36873.52 · Cited by 25
Self-citationScreening for Depression in Nursing Home Palliative Care Patients
Greenberg, L., Lantz, M., Likourezos, A., Burack, O. R., Chichin, E. R., & Carter, J. (2004) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/0891988704269817 · Cited by 23
The Experience of Hopelessness in a Population of Greek Cancer Patients Receiving Palliative Care
Mystakidou, K., Parpa, E., Tsilika, E., Pathiaki, M., Hatzipli, I., Galanos, A., & Vlahos, L. J. (2008) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764008089857 · Cited by 19
Health-related expectations of the chronically critically ill: a multi-perspective qualitative study
Howard, A. F., Crowe, S., Choroszewski, L., Kovatch, J., Haynes, A. J., Ford, J. S., Beck, S. M., & Haljan, G. J. (2021) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-020-00696-w · Cited by 22
Olsman, E., Leget, C. J. W., & Willems, D. L. (2015) · Progress in Palliative Care · doi:10.1179/1743291x15y.0000000003 · Cited by 18
Corn, B. W., Feldman, D. B., Subbiah, I. M., Corn, P. D., Bakitas, M. A., Krouse, R. S., Hudson, M. F., Fowler, L. A., Fraser, V., Siegal, C., et al. (2023) · JNCI Cancer Spectrum · doi:10.1093/jncics/pkad030 · Cited by 13
Larkin, P. J. (2010) · Progress in Palliative Care · doi:10.1179/1743291x10y.0000000002 · Cited by 12
Walker, P. W., & Bruera, E. D. (2002) · Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8588(02)00025-4 · Cited by 12
Rushton, C. H. (2013) · Journal of Palliative Care & Medicine · doi:10.4172/2165-7386.1000103 · Cited by 11
Rational Suicide in the Elderly
Balasubramaniam, M., & McCue, R. E. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32672-6 · Cited by 10
Blanchard, M. R., Serfaty, M. A., Duckett, S., & Flatley, M. (2008) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2083 · Cited by 10
Würde in der Begleitung schwer kranker und sterbender Patienten
Mehnert, A., Schröder, A. S., Puhlmann, K., Müllerleile, U., & Koch, U. (2006) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-006-0069-6 · Cited by 10
Caregivers’ End-of-Life Care Goals for Persons with Severe Dementia Change Over Time
Malhotra, C., & Balasubramanian, I. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-221161 · Cited by 8
Nikoloudi, M., Galanis, P., Tsatsou, I., & Mystakidou, K. (2025) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2025.05.018 · Cited by 9
Anticipatory Grief Therapy for Older Persons Nearing the End of Life
Cheng, J. O., Lo, R. S. K., & Woo, J. (2013) · Aging Health · doi:10.2217/ahe.12.74 · Cited by 9
Yılmaz, V., & Türküm, A. S. (2008) · Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal · doi:10.2224/sbp.2008.36.1.19 · Cited by 8
Shih, C., Chiu, T., Lee, L., Yao, C., Chen, C., & Hu, W. (2010) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2010.0128 · Cited by 8
Cognitive coping intervention for acutely ill HIV‐positive men
Côté, J., & Pepler, C. J. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.01067.x · Cited by 8
Healthcare Professionals’ Lay Definitions of Hope
Feldman, D. B., Jazaieri, H., O’Rourke, M. A., Bakitas, M. A., Krouse, R. S., Deininger, H. E., Hudson, M. F., & Corn, B. W. (2022) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-022-00589-0 · Cited by 7
Heisel, M. J., & Flett, G. L. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.021 · Cited by 6
Woelk, C. J. (2008) · PubMed Central · Cited by 6
Vázquez, J. J., Panadero, S., & Rincón, P. (2008) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · doi:10.14349/rlp.v40i3.452 · Cited by 6
Study of suicidal ideations, hopelessness and impulsivity in elderly
Trivedi, S. C., Pinto, C., Raut, N., Shah, H., Shetty, N., & Subramanyam, A. A. (2014) · Journal of Geriatric Mental Health · doi:10.4103/2348-9995.141925 · Cited by 5
The evolution of hope in patients with terminal illness
Drews, M. F. (2016) · Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.nurse.0000510755.38950.ab · Cited by 5
Contemporary Debates in Bioethics: European Perspectives
Mihailov, E., Wangmo, T., Federiuc, V. V., & Elger, B. S. (2018) · doi:10.2478/9783110571219 · Cited by 6
Hope in palliative Care: Cultural implications
Yadav, B. S., & Jhamb, S. (2015) · Journal of Palliative Care · doi:10.1177/082585971503100309 · Cited by 4
A model of hopelessness, belongingness, engagement, and academic achievement
Alverson, J. R. (2014) · W. S. Hoole Special Collections Library Manuscript Collections · Cited by 4
Depressive symptoms and hopelessness among patients with cancer
Rabie, M. A., Meguid, M. A. E., Zaki, N., & Moussa, M. (2011) · Middle East Current Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.xme.0000398843.42666.a3 · Cited by 3
Psychological Issues in Head and Neck Cancer
Stout, R. A., Beckman, N. J., Shelby, S. R., & Labott, S. M. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5827-8_25 · Cited by 4
Bereavement and Loss: Understanding Grief in Older People
Werner, K., & Wick, J. Y. (2024) · The Senior Care Pharmacist · doi:10.4140/tcp.n.2024.98 · Cited by 3
Pepper, A. (2024) · British Journal of Community Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjcn.2024.29.3.112 · Cited by 3
“Waiting to Die”: Language, discourse and meaning in palliative care contexts in Kenya
Orwenjo, D. O. (2025) · Language and Health · doi:10.1016/j.laheal.2025.100069 · Cited by 4
Suicide and Desire for Hastened Death in People with Cancer
BREITBART, W. S., Pessin, H., & Kolva, E. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470972533.ch6 · Cited by 3
Evans, D. M. (2015) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 3
Hope for brain health: impacting the life course and society
Dasgupta, J., Furlano, J. A., Bandler, Z., Fittipaldi, S., Canty, A. J., Mohan, A., El-Jaafary, S. I., Ucheagwu, V. A., McGettrick, G., la Cruz-Góngora, V. V. D., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1214014 · Cited by 2
Adult Hope Scale: validation in older adults
Labrosciano, K., Dorrian, J., Lowies, B., Russell, R., & Lushington, K. (2025) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00049530.2025.2532077 · Cited by 2
Psychosocial Aspects of HIV/AIDS
Levy, E. (2018) · Cited by 2
Hope: a tool for working with families affected by dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Pepper, A., Aldridge, Z., & Dening, K. H. (2023) · BJPsych Advances · doi:10.1192/bja.2023.38 · Cited by 3
Women Convict Hopelessness: Challenges for Service Guidance and Counseling
Wati, I. I. S., Wati, I. I. S., Zikra, Z., Afdal, A., Trisna, R., & Andriani, W. (2019) · Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Education and Technology (ICET 2019) · doi:10.2991/icet-19.2019.96 · Cited by 2
Tipping Point: Pathogenic Stress and the Biopolitics of Euthanasia
Love, C. S. (2024) · The Linacre Quarterly · doi:10.1177/00243639241287918 · Cited by 1
Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Geçirecek Hastaların Umut, Depresyon ve Sosyal Destek Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi
Korkmaz, F. D., Dolgun, E., Karacabay, K., & Gıersbergen, M. Y. V. (2025) · Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.46237/amusbfd.1456684 · Cited by 1
Cherny, N. I., Chochinov, H. M., Emanuel, L., Lethborg, C. E., Coyle, N., & Corn, B. W. (2026) · ESMO Open · doi:10.1016/j.esmoop.2026.108340 · Cited by 1
Paediatric critical care and the dynamics of hoping and hopelessness: a concept analysis
Mountain, G., & Turner, L. (2007) · Journal of Children s and Young People s Nursing · doi:10.12968/jcyn.2007.1.7.27670 · Cited by 1
Spirituality and Death: A Transformation into New Life
VonDras, D. D., & White, J. L. (2006) · Cited by 1
Integration of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Medication in Long-Term Care
Hyer, L. A., & Shah, S. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-72648-9_6 · Cited by 1
Psychological Issues in Late-Life Suicide
Kolva, E., & Etter, D. W. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32672-6_10 · Cited by 1
Arantzamendi, M., Belar, A., & Rojí, R. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77740-5_46 · Cited by 1
Brendel, R. W., Wei, M. H., Epstein, L. A., & Cassem, N. H. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-1927-7.00041-8 · Cited by 1
Defining a Good Death for Residents in Long-term Care
Munn, J. (2006) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/mk2r-7565 · Cited by 1
Hope or Truth: Commentary on the Case of Mr. T
Howe, E. G. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Ethics · doi:10.1086/jce200314311 · Cited by 1
A remény pszichológiája. Elméleti áttekintés az empíria tükrében
Kis, M. (2016) · Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika · doi:10.1556/0406.17.2016.3.3 · Cited by 1
The Meaning and Pathways of Suicidal Experiences among Older Adults: a Grounded Theory Method
권중돈, 엄태영, & 김유진 (2011) · Korean Journal of Gerontological Social Welfare · doi:10.21194/kjgsw..52.201106.419 · Cited by 1
Anstey, S. (2012) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) · Cited by 1
Ideación autolítica al final de la vida en pacientes oncológicos paliativos : a propósito de un caso
Maté-Méndez, J., González‐Barboteo, J., Ibáñez-Solaz, M., Urionabarrenetxea, K. M., Limonero, J. T., & Tuca, A. (2008) · Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) · doi:10.5209/rev_psic.2008.v5.n2.16270 · Cited by 1
Tanatophobia in the patients on dialysis
Novaković, M., Tiosavljević, D., & Gajić, M. M. (2006) · Vojnosanitetski pregled · doi:10.2298/vsp0604397n · Cited by 1
Brendel, R. W., Epstein, L. A., & Cassem, N. H. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-04743-2.50062-7 · Cited by 1
Bibliography for Geriatric> Psychiatry
(2004) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/foc.2.2.221 · Cited by 1
Siskin, G. P. (2002) · Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology · doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(02)70160-7
Simpson, A. (2012) · Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)
Diferencias en la Vivencia de Sucesos Vitales Estresantes en Nicaragua, Chile y España
Sandino, C. M., Berríos, A. E., Panadero, S., González, P. R., & Cabrera, J. J. V. (2013) · Universitas (León) Revista Científica de la UNAN León · doi:10.5377/universitas.v4i1.1673
Conversations with Aboriginal Women who have Experienced Incarceration
Radtke, J. L. (2012)
Gallagher, R. E. (2011)
Physician assisted death : what predicts pursuit?
Smith, K. (2013) · doi:10.6083/m40863bk
Becoming complex-capable: The importance of hope and strategies for working with complex clients
Nash, C. R. (2015) · The Atrium (University of Guelph)
THE GENDERED EXPERIENCES OF NURSES IN UNDERSTANDING HOPE IN PALLIATIVE CARE
Einarsdottir, G. (2015) · DalSpace (Dalhousie University)
The Desire for Hastened Death in Home Hospice Care
Wichman, S. E. (2016) · ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)
La evolución de la esperanza en los pacientes con enfermedad terminal
Drews, M. F. (2017) · Nursing (Ed española) · doi:10.1016/j.nursi.2017.10.004
Death, Dying, and Communication
Thompson, T. L. (2014) · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199756841-0148
11 The Principle of Autonomy in Palliative Care: The Moldavian Perspective
Paladi, A., & Federiuc, V. (2018) · doi:10.2478/9783110571219-012
(2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7295-3804-6.50013-1
(2022) · Journal of Social Science and Humanities · doi:10.53469/jssh.2022.4(02).02
Arantzamendi, M., Belar, A., & Rojí, R. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31738-0_46-1
Haskamp, A. C., & Lafond, D. A. (2016) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780190204747.003.0060
Current awareness in geriatric psychiatry
(2003) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.794
Metadata
- Authors
- Sullivan, M. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sullivan, Mark D.
- ORCID
- Sullivan, Mark D.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 393-405
- ISSN
- 1064-7481 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2140759036
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k01mh001351-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01 MH1351)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative and Oncologic Care
- Keywords
- hope, hopelessness, end-of-life care, dying, anticipatory grief, prognosis, psychological factors, trust, interpersonal relationships, palliative care
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Chronic Disease, Death, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Hospitalization, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Professional-Patient Relations, Psychology, Quality of Life, Religion, Social Environment, Suicide, Critical Illness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review