The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stimulant Treatment Over 5 Years: Effects on Growth
Abstract
Objective Long-term effects of psychostimulants on growth in height and in weight are investigated in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Method Participants were 79 children, 6 to 12 years of age, with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, who were followed annually for up to 5 years, between the years 1993 and 1994 and 1998 and 1999. Annual height and weight measurements were standardized by age and gender using the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Growth Charts for the United States and reported as z scores. For children taking stimulants throughout the previous school year, dose potency was standardized to methylphenidate in milligrams per kilogram per day. We used hierarchical linear modeling to investigate the influence of dose and duration of stimulant treatment on the rate of growth in height and weight.Results Controlling for time since initiation of treatment, daily dose of stimulant medication was negatively associated with z scores for height (beta = -.11, SE = 0.03, p <.01) and for weight (beta = -.29, SE = 0.04, p <.01). Estimates based on the statistical model suggest that children receiving > or = 1.5 mg/kg/day methylphenidate will show diminished weight gain after 1 year; those receiving > or = 2.5 mg/kg/day methylphenidate will show diminished gains in height after 4 years.Conclusion Long-term use of high doses of stimulants during a period of 1 to 5 years is likely to have measurable effects on the rate of growth in school-age children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
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“Significant effects on weight and height may require average doses of methylphenidate exceeding 1.5 mg/kg per day which are given continuously [28, 132].”
From European guidelines on managing adverse effects of medication for ADHD (2011) · cites this paper as [28]
Citations
Cites
CDC GROWTH CHARTS FOR THE UNITED STATES: METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT 2000
Kuczmarski, R. J., Ogden, C. L., Guo, S. S., Strawn, L. G., Flegal, K. M., & Mei, Z. (2002) · Cited by 6,426
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Greenhill, L. L., Pliszka, S., & Dulcan, M. K. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200202001-00003 · Cited by 927
Attention-Deficit, S. O., & Disorder, H. (2001) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.108.4.1033 · Cited by 636
MTA Cooperative Group (2004) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.113.4.762 · Cited by 384
Stimulant treatment over five years: adherence, effectiveness, and adverse effects
Charach, A., Ickowicz, A., & Schachar, R. (2004) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200405000-00009 · Cited by 315
Self-citationAnalysis of change: Modeling individual growth.
Francis, D. J., Fletcher, J. M., Stuebing, K. K., Davidson, K. C., & al, E. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.59.1.27 · Cited by 275
Depression of Growth in Hyperactive Children on Stimulant Drugs
Safer, D. J., Allen, R. P., & Barr, E. (1972) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197208032870503 · Cited by 248
Hyperactive boys almost grown up. III. Methylphenidate effects on ultimate height.
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Pliszka, S. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318054e724 · Cited by 1,765
European guidelines on managing adverse effects of medication for ADHD
(for the European Guidelines Group), Graham, J., Banaschewski, T., Buitelaar, J., Coghill, D., Danckaerts, M., Dittmann, R. W., Döpfner, M., Hamilton, R., Hollis, C., et al. (2011) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-010-0140-6 · Cited by 374
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Storebø, O. J., Ramstad, E., Krogh, H. B., Nilausen, T. D., Skoog, M., Holmskov, M., Rosendal, S., Groth, C., Magnusson, F. L., Moreira-Maia, C. R., et al. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009885.pub2 · Cited by 347
Effect of Stimulants on Height and Weight: A Review of the Literature
Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., Morley, C. P., & Spencer, T. J. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.obo13e31817eoea7 · Cited by 286
Aran, A. A., Einen, M. A., Lin, L., Plazzi, G., Nishino, S., & Mignot, E. J.-M. (2010) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/33.11.1457 · Cited by 285
Metadata
- Authors
- CHARACH, A., FIGUEROA, M., CHEN, S., ICKOWICZ, A., & SCHACHAR, R.
- Affiliations
- Hospital for Sick Children (CA)
- Corresponding author
- CHARACH, ALICE
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-04
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 415-421
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998722353
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 8.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychostimulants, methylphenidate, long-term drug effects, child growth, height, weight gain, dose-response relationship
- MeSH terms
- Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Body Height, Child, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Growth, Humans, Male, Methylphenidate
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