The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Core Stability Exercise Principles
Abstract
Core stability is essential for proper load balance within the spine, pelvis, and kinetic chain. The so-called core is the group of trunk muscles that surround the spine and abdominal viscera. Abdominal, gluteal, hip girdle, paraspinal, and other muscles work in concert to provide spinal stability. Core stability and its motor control have been shown to be imperative for initiation of functional limb movements, as needed in athletics. Sports medicine practitioners use core strengthening techniques to improve performance and prevent injury. Core strengthening, often called lumbar stabilization, also has been used as a therapeutic exercise treatment regimen for low back pain conditions. This article summarizes the anatomy of the core, the progression of core strengthening, the available evidence for its theoretical construct, and its efficacy in musculoskeletal conditions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hodges, P. W., & Richardson, C. A. (1996) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-199611150-00014 · Cited by 1,799
The Role of Core Stability in Athletic Function
Kibler, W. B., Press, J., & Sciascia, A. (2006) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200636030-00001 · Cited by 1,724
The effect of neuromuscular training on the incidence of knee injury in female athletes
Hewett, T. E., Lindenfeld, T. N., Riccobene, J. V., & Noyes, F. R. (1999) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/03635465990270060301 · Cited by 1,550
Multifidus Muscle Recovery Is Not Automatic After Resolution of Acute, First-Episode Low Back Pain
Hides, J. A., Richardson, C. A., & Jull, G. A. (1996) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-199612010-00011 · Cited by 1,115
O'Sullivan, P. B., Phyty, G. D. M., Twomey, L. T., & Allison, G. T. (1997) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-199712150-00020 · Cited by 1,109
Core Stability Measures as Risk Factors for Lower Extremity Injury in Athletes
LEETUN, D. T., IRELAND, M. L., WILLSON, J. D., BALLANTYNE, B. T., & DAVIS, I. M. (2004) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000128145.75199.c3 · Cited by 1,014
Clinical spinal instability and low back pain
Panjabi, M. M. (2003) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/s1050-6411(03)00044-0 · Cited by 986
Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain
Hayden, J., van Tulder, M. W., Malmivaara, A., & Koes, B. W. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000335.pub2 · Cited by 879
Long-Term Effects of Specific Stabilizing Exercises for First-Episode Low Back Pain
Hides, J. A., Jull, G. A., & Richardson, C. A. (2001) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-200106010-00004 · Cited by 843
Hodges, P. W., & Richardson, C. A. (1999) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(99)90052-7 · Cited by 630
Cited by
The use of instability to train the core musculature
Behm, D. G., Drinkwater, E. J., Willardson, J. M., & Cowley, P. M. (2010) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h09-127 · Cited by 358
A meta-analysis of core stability exercise versus general exercise for chronic low back pain
Wang, X.-Q., Zheng, J.-J., Yu, Z.-W., Bi, X., Lou, S.-J., Liu, J., Cai, B., Hua, Y.-H., Wu, M., Wei, M.-L., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052082 · Cited by 299
Granacher, U., Lacroix, A., Muehlbauer, T., Roettger, K., & Gollhofer, A. (2013) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000343152 · Cited by 268
Evidence-Based Resistance Training Recommendations
Fisher, J., Steele, J., Bruce-Low, S., & Smith, D. (2011) · Medicina Sportiva · doi:10.2478/v10036-011-0025-x · Cited by 156
Evaluation of the association between postural control and sagittal curvature of the spine
Żurawski, A. Ł., Kiebzak, W. P., Kowalski, I. M., Śliwiński, G., & Śliwiński, Z. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241228 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- Akuthota, V., Ferreiro, A., Moore, T., & Fredericson, M.
- Venue
- Current Sports Medicine Reports
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39-44
- ISSN
- 1537-890X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2121602738
- Cited by
- 708
- References
- 46
- FWCI
- 7.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Core Stability Exercise Principles. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1097/01.csmr.0000308663.13278.69
- The paper
- Akuthota, V., Ferreiro, A., Moore, T., & Fredericson, M. (2008). Core Stability Exercise Principles. Current Sports Medicine Reports. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.csmr.0000308663.13278.69
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
