Cited by 302Air Quality and Health ImpactsClimate Change and Health ImpactsIndoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure

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Ozone Exposure and Mortality: An Empiric Bayes Metaregression Analysis

Levy, Jonathan I., Chemerynski, Susan M., Sarnat, Jeremy A.·2005·Epidemiology

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Results from time-series epidemiologic studies evaluating the relationship between ambient ozone concentrations and premature mortality vary in their conclusions about the magnitude of this relationship, if any, making it difficult to estimate public health benefits of air pollution control measures. We conducted an empiric Bayes metaregression to estimate the ozone effect on mortality, and to assess whether this effect varies as a function of hypothesized confounders or effect modifiers. METHODS: We gathered 71 time-series studies relating ozone to all-cause mortality, and we selected 48 estimates from 28 studies for the metaregression. Metaregression covariates included the relationship between ozone concentrations and concentrations of other air pollutants, proxies for personal exposure-ambient concentration relationships, and the statistical methods used in the studies. For our metaregression, we applied a hierarchical linear model with known level-1 variances. RESULTS: We estimated a grand mean of a 0.21% increase (95% confidence interval = 0.16-0.26%) in mortality per 10-microg/m increase of 1-hour maximum ozone (0.41% increase per 10 ppb) without controlling for other air pollutants. In the metaregression, air-conditioning prevalence and lag time were the strongest predictors of between-study variability. Air pollution covariates yielded inconsistent findings in regression models, although correlation analyses indicated a potential influence of summertime PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS: These findings, coupled with a greater relative risk of ozone in the summer versus the winter, demonstrate that geographic and seasonal heterogeneity in ozone relative risk should be anticipated, but that the observed relationship between ozone and mortality should be considered for future regulatory impact analyses.

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Authors: Levy, J. I., Chemerynski, S. M., & Sarnat, J. A.
Affiliations: Environmental Protection Agency (US)
Corresponding author: Levy, Jonathan I.
ORCID: Levy, Jonathan I.
Sarnat, Jeremy A.
Venue: Epidemiology
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2005-07
Volume: 16
Issue: 4
Pages: 458-468
ISSN: 1044-3983 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/01.ede.0000165820.08301.b3
OpenAlex: W2063602828
Cited by: 302
References: 94
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 1.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
Keywords: ozone, ambient air pollution, premature mortality, all-cause mortality, effect estimation, effect modification, time delay, PM2.5, seasonal variation, regulatory impact assessment
MeSH terms: Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Bayes Theorem, Humans, Mortality, Ozone, Particle Size, Regression Analysis, Seasons, Urban Population, Weather, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Risk Assessment

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Ozone Exposure and Mortality: An Empiric Bayes Metaregression Analysis

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