Different contributions of polymorphisms in VKORC1 and CYP2C9 to intra-and inter-population differences in maintenance dose of warfarin in Japanese, Caucasians and African-Americans
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors associated with population differences in warfarin doses needed to achieve anticoagulation, in particular the possible involvement of genetic variability in vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) and CYP2C9. METHODS: Warfarin maintenance dose, unbound plasma S-warfarin concentration [Cu(S)] and INR were determined in 157 Caucasians, 172 Japanese, and 36 African-Americans stably anticoagulated patients. In a subset (n = 166), fully carboxylated plasma normal prothrombin levels (NPT) were also measured. Genotyping for seven CYP2C9 (CYP2C9*1 through 6 and *11) and seven VKORC1 variants were performed in 115 Caucasians and 64 Japanese patients and 66 healthy African-Americans. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify covariates associated with warfarin requirement. RESULTS: The relationship between NPT and Cu(S) indicated Japanese are more susceptible to inhibition of NPT production by S-warfarin than the other two populations. VKORC1 1173 C > T had a greater frequency in Japanese (89.1%) than Caucasians (42.2%) and African-Americans (8.6%). CYP2C9 variants with reduced metabolizing ability were less frequent in Japanese compared to the other two populations. The median warfarin dose was significantly higher in Caucasians than Japanese patients (5.5 versus 3.5 mg/day), however, when matched for CYP2C9*1 homozygosity, no difference in dose was observed between VKORC1 genotype-matched groups. Furthermore, VKORC1 1173C > T and CYP2C9 (*2/*3/*11) genotypes, age and weight were identified as independent covariates contributing to interpatient variability in warfarin dosage. CONCLUSIONS: Both VKORC1 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms contribute to inter-population difference in warfarin doses among the three populations, but their contribution to intra-population variability may differ within each population.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Due to genetic differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, clopidogrel, phenytoin, warfarin, clozapine, and carbamazepine had variable efficacy and side-effect profiles in Western and non-Western individuals.
“Due to genetic differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, clopidogrel [29], phenytoin [30], warfarin [31], clozapine [32], and carbamazepine [33] also had variable efficacy and side-effect profiles in Western and non-Western individuals.”
From Hasty generalizations and generics in medical research: A systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Pharmacology and Management of the Vitamin K Antagonists
Ansell, J., Hirsh, J., Poller, L., Bussey, H. I., Jacobson, A. K., & Hylek, E. M. (2004) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.126.3_suppl.204s · Cited by 1,525 · see citing works
Effect of VKORC1 Haplotypes on Transcriptional Regulation and Warfarin Dose
Rieder, M. J., Reiner, A. P., Gage, B. F., Nickerson, D. A., Eby, C. S., McLeod, H. L., Blough, D. K., Thummel, K. E., Veenstra, D. L., & Rettie, A. E. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa044503 · Cited by 1,391 · see citing works
Aithal, G. P., Day, C. P., Kesteven, P. J., & Daly, A. K. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)04474-2 · Cited by 1,239 · see citing works
Mutations in VKORC1 cause warfarin resistance and multiple coagulation factor deficiency type 2
Rost, S., Fregin, A., Ivaškevičius, V., Conzelmann, E., Hörtnagel, K., Pelz, H., Lappegård, K. T., Seifried, E., Scharrer, I., Tuddenham, E. G. D., et al. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02214 · Cited by 1,131 · see citing works
Higashi, M. K. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.13.1690 · Cited by 1,052 · see citing works
D’Andrea, G., D’Ambrosio, R., Perna, P. D., Chetta, M., Santacroce, R., Brancaccio, V., Grandone, E., & Margaglione, M. (2004) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2004-06-2111 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Yuan, H., Chen, J., Lee, M. T. M., Wung, J., Chen, Y., Charng, M., Lu, M.-J., Hung, C., Wei, C.-Y., Chen, C.-H., et al. (2005) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi180 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Common VKORC1 and GGCX polymorphisms associated with warfarin dose
Wadelius, M., Chen, L. Y., Downes, K., Ghori, J., Hunt, S. E., Eriksson, N., Wallerman, O., Melhus, H., Wadelius, C., Bentley, D. R., et al. (2005) · The Pharmacogenomics Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.tpj.6500313 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Bodin, L. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-01-0341 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Scordo, M. G. (2002) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1067/mcp.2002.129321 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Self-citationYamaguchi, T. (2000) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.31.4.817 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Interindividual variability in sensitivity to warfarin-Nature or nurture?
Loebstein, R. (2001) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1067/mcp.2001.117444 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Contribution of age, body size, and CYP2C9 genotype to anticoagulant response to warfarin
Kamali, F., Khan, T. I., King, B. P., Frearson, R., Kesteven, P. J., Wood, P., Daly, A. K., & Wynne, H. (2004) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2003.10.001 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Studies on the optical enantiomorphs of warfarin in man
Reilly, R. A. O. (1974) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt1974162348 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Association between obesity and a prothrombotic state: the Framingham Offspring Study
Rosito, G. A., D’Agostino, R. B., Massaro, J. M., Lipinska, I., Mittleman, M. A., Sutherland, P. A., Wilson, P. W. F., Levy, D. A., Muller, J. E., & Tofler, G. H. (2004) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th03-01-0014 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Takahashi, H., Wilkinson, G. R., Caraco, Y., Muszkat, M., Kim, R. B., Kashima, T., Kimura, S., & Echizen, H. (2003) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1067/mcp.2003.26a · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationTakahashi, H., Kashima, T., Nomizo, Y., Muramoto, N., Shimizu, T., Nasu, K., Kubota, T., Kimura, S., & Echizen, H. (1998) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0009-9236(98)90103-5 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Self-citationFranco, V. C., Polanczyk, C. A., Clausell, N., & Rohde, L. E. P. (2004) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.12.036 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Shikata, E., Ieiri, I., Ishiguro, S., Aono, H., Inoue, K., Koide, T., Ohgi, S., & Otsubo, K. (2003) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2003-09-3043 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationRelative impact of covariates in prescribing warfarin according to CYP2C9 genotype
Hillman, M. A., Wilke, R. A., Caldwell, M. D., Berg, R. L., Glurich, I., & Burmester, J. K. (2004) · Pharmacogenetics · doi:10.1097/01.fpc.0000114760.08559.dc · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Harrington, D. J., Underwood, S., Morse, C., Shearer, M. J., Tuddenham, E. G. D., & Mumford, A. D. (2004) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th04-08-0540 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Novel genetic variants in Asian subjects and their influence on maintenance warfarin dose
ZHAO, F., Loke, C. K., RANKIN, S., GUO, J., LEE, H., WU, T., Tan, T. M. C., LIU, T., Lü, W.-L., & LIM, Y. (2004) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2004.05.005 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Patient-Specific Factors Predictive of Warfarin Dosage Requirements
Absher, R. K., Moore, M. E., & Parker, M. H. (2002) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1345/aph.1c025 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Factors determining the maintenance dose of warfarin in Chinese patients
Yu, H. C. M., Chan, T. Y. K., Critchley, J., & Woo, K. S. (1996) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/89.2.127 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Chan, E., McLachlan, A. J., O’Reilly, R. A., & Rowland, M. (1994) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.1994.139 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Blann, A. D., Hewitt, J., Siddiqui, F., & Bareford, D. (1999) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01672.x · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Takahashi, H., Kashima, T., Kimura, S., Muramoto, N., Nakahata, H., Kubo, S., Shimoyama, Y., Kajiwara, M., & Echizen, H. (1997) · Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications · doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00346-0 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationWajih, N., Sane, D. C., Hutson, S. M., & Wallin, R. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m413982200 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Racial background is a determinant factor in the maintenance dosage of Warfarin
Gan, G. G., Teh, A. K. H., Goh, K. Y., Chong, H. T., & Pang, K. W. (2003) · International Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1007/bf02983247 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Takahashi, H., Ieiri, I., Wilkinson, G. R., Mayo, G., Kashima, T., Kimura, S., Otsubo, K., & Echizen, H. (2004) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2003-07-2521 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationYamada, D., & Morita, T. (1999) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/s0049-3848(98)00212-6 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Estimation of the Warfarin Dose with Clinical and Pharmacogenetic Data
The International Warfarin Pharmacogenetics Consortium (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0809329 · Cited by 1,573 · see citing works
Anderson, J. L., Horne, B. D., Stevens, S. M., Grove, A. S., Barton, S., Nicholas, Z. P., Kahn, S. F. S., May, H. T., Samuelson, K. M., Muhlestein, J. B., et al. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.737312 · Cited by 723 · see citing works
Pena, S. D. J., Pietro, G. D., Fuchshuber-Moraes, M., Genro, J. P., Hutz, M. H., Kehdy, F. S. G., Kohlrausch, F. B., Magno, L. A. V., Montenegro, R. C., de Moraes, M. O., et al. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017063 · Cited by 678 · see citing works
Shen, A. Y., Yao, J. F., Brar, S. S., Jorgensen, M. B., & Chen, W. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.01.098 · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Genetic Determinants of Response to Warfarin during Initial Anticoagulation
Schwarz, U. I., Ritchie, M. D., Bradford, Y., Li, C., DUDEK, S. M., Frye-Anderson, A., Kim, R. B., Roden, D. M., & Stein, C. M. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0708078 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Self-citationThe largest prospective warfarin-treated cohort supports genetic forecasting
Wadelius, M., Chen, L. Y., Lindh, J. D., Eriksson, N., Ghori, M. J. R., Bumpstead, S., Holm, L., McGinnis, R. E., Rane, A., & Deloukas, P. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-04-149070 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Pharmacogenetics, Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes, and Clinical Practice
Gardiner, S. J., & Begg, E. J. (2006) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.58.3.6 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Association of warfarin dose with genes involved in its action and metabolism
Wadelius, M., Chen, L. Y., Eriksson, N., Bumpstead, S., Ghori, J., Wadelius, C., Bentley, D., McGinnis, R. E., & Deloukas, P. (2006) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-006-0260-8 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Massively Parallel Sequencing: The Next Big Thing in Genetic Medicine
Tucker, T., Marra, M. A., & Friedman, J. M. (2009) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.06.022 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Warfarin pharmacogenetics: a single VKORC1 polymorphism is predictive of dose across 3 racial groups
Limdi, N. A., Wadelius, M., Cavallari, L. H., Eriksson, N., Crawford, D. C., Lee, M. T. M., Chen, C.-H., Motsinger‐Reif, A. A., Sagreiya, H., Liu, N., et al. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2009-12-255992 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Pharmacogenetics of warfarin: current status and future challenges
Wadelius, M., & Pirmohamed, M. (2006) · The Pharmacogenomics Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.tpj.6500417 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Booven, D. V., Marsh, S., McLeod, H. L., Whirl‐Carrillo, M., Sangkuhl, K., Klein, T. E., & Altman, R. B. (2010) · Pharmacogenetics and Genomics · doi:10.1097/fpc.0b013e3283349e84 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Wang, K.-L., Lip, G. Y. H., Lin, S., & Chiang, C. (2015) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.115.009947 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Warfarin dose and the pharmacogenomics of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 — Rationale and perspectives
Yin, T., & Miyata, T. (2006) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2006.10.021 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Influence of CYP2C9 genotype on warfarin dose requirements—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lindh, J. D., Holm, L., Andersson, M. L., & Rane, A. (2008) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00228-008-0584-5 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Ethnic Differences in Cardiovascular Drug Response
Johnson, J. A. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.704023 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Genetic and Clinical Predictors of Warfarin Dose Requirements in African Americans
Cavallari, L. H., Langaee, T. Y., Momary, K. M., Shapiro, N. L., Nutescu, E. A., Coty, W. A., Viana, M. A. G., Patel, S., & Johnson, J. A. (2010) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.2009.223 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Self-citationEstimation of Warfarin Maintenance Dose Based on VKORC1 (−1639 G>A) and CYP2C9 Genotypes
Zhu, Y., Shennan, M. G., Reynolds, K. K., Johnson, N. A., Herrnberger, M. R., Valdes, R., & Linder, M. W. (2007) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2006.078139 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Genetic-based dosing in orthopedic patients beginning warfarin therapy
Millican, E. A., Lenzini, P. A., Milligan, P. E., Grosso, L., Eby, C., Deych, E., Grice, G. R., Clohisy, J. C. F., Barrack, R. L., Burnett, R. S. J., et al. (2007) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2007-01-069609 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Ia, T. A. D. A. F. C., reviews, S., Ib, M.-A. C., IIa, R. C. T. C., IIb, N.-R. C. T. C., class, O. Q.-E. S., III, studies, N.-E. R. (., studies, C., class, C. S. A., IV, & authorities., O. O. C. O. E. A. (2014) · Pediatrics International · doi:10.1111/ped.12317 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Jorgensen, A., FitzGerald, R. J., Oyee, J., Pirmohamed, M., & Williamson, P. R. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044064 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
A coding VKORC1 Asp36Tyr polymorphism predisposes to warfarin resistance
Loebstein, R., Dvoskin, I., Halkin, H., Vecsler, M., Lubetsky, A., Rechavi, G., Amariglio, N., Cohen, Y., Ken‐Dror, G., Almog, S., et al. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-08-038984 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Kimura, R., Miyashita, K., Kokubo, Y., Akaiwa, Y., Otsubo, R., Nagatsuka, K., Otsuki, T., Okayama, A., Minematsu, K., Naritomi, H., et al. (2006) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2006.09.007 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Verhoef, T. I., Redekop, K., Daly, A. K., van Schie, R. M., de Boer, A., & der Zee, A. H. M. (2013) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.12220 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Combined CYP2C9 , VKORC1 and CYP4F2 Frequencies among Racial and Ethnic Groups
Scott, S. A., Khasawneh, R. H., Peter, I., Kornreich, R., & Desnick, R. J. (2010) · Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2217/pgs.10.49 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Limdi, N. A., Arnett, D. K., Goldstein, J. A., Beasley, T. M., McGwin, G., Adler, B. K., & Acton, R. T. (2008) · Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2217/14622416.9.5.511 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Tham, L. S., Goh, B. C., Nafziger, A. N., GUO, J., WANG, L., Soong, R., & Lee, S. M. L. (2006) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.009 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Prospective Study of Warfarin Dosage Requirements Based on CYP2C9 and VKORC1 Genotypes
Wen, M.-S., Lee, M., Chen, J.-J., Chuang, H.-P., Lu, L.-S., Chen, C.-H., Lee, T.-H., Kuo, C.-T., Sun, F.-M., Chang, Y.-J., et al. (2008) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/sj.clpt.6100453 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Hamberg, A., Dahl, M.-L., Barban, M., Scordo, M. G., Wadelius, M., Pengo, V., Padrini, R., & Jonsson, E. N. (2007) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/sj.clpt.6100084 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetic and clinical factors relating to warfarin dosing
Jonas, D. E., & McLeod, H. L. (2009) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2009.05.001 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Pharmacogenetics of Warfarin: Development of a Dosing Algorithm for Brazilian Patients
Perini, J. A., Struchiner, C. J., Silva-Assunção, E., Santana, I., Rangel, F., Ojopi, E. P. B., Dias‐Neto, E., & Suarez‐Kurtz, G. (2008) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.2008.166 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Cha, P.-C., Mushiroda, T., Takahashi, A., Kubo, M., Minami, S., Kamatani, N., & Nakamura, Y. (2010) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddq389 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Limdi, N. A., & Veenstra, D. L. (2008) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.28.9.1084 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Dosing Algorithms to Predict Warfarin Maintenance Dose in Caucasians and African Americans
Schelleman, H., Chen, J., Chen, Z., Christie, J. D., Newcomb, C., Brensinger, C. M., Price, M., Whitehead, A., Kealey, C., Thorn, C. F., et al. (2008) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.2008.101 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Pharmacogenetics of Oral Anticoagulants
Stehle, S., Kirchheiner, J., Lazar, A., & Fuhr, U. (2008) · Clinical Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.2165/00003088-200847090-00002 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Genetic Testing Before Anticoagulation? A Systematic Review of Pharmacogenetic Dosing of Warfarin
Kangelaris, K. N., Bent, S., Nussbaum, R. L., Garcia, D. A., & Tice, J. A. (2009) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-009-0949-1 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Limdi, N. A., Beasley, T. M., Crowley, M. R., Goldstein, J. A., Rieder, M. J., Flockhart, D. A., Arnett, D. K., Acton, R. T., & Liu, N. (2008) · Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2217/14622416.9.10.1445 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Understanding and applying pharmacometric modelling and simulation in clinical practice and research
Standing, J. F. (2016) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.13119 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Warfarin Response and Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Complex 1 in African Americans and Caucasians
Schelleman, H., Chen, Z., Kealey, C., Whitehead, A. S., Christie, J. D., Price, M., Brensinger, C. M., Newcomb, C. W., Thorn, C. F., Samaha, F. F., et al. (2007) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/sj.clpt.6100144 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Pharmacogenetics in Cardiovascular Antithrombotic Therapy
Marín, F. R., Gónzález‐Conejero, R., Capranzano, P., Bass, T. A., Roldán, V., & Angiolillo, D. J. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.04.084 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
CYP2C9*8 is Prevalent Among African–Americans: Implications for Pharmacogenetic Dosing
Scott, S. A., Jaremko, M., Lubitz, S. A., Kornreich, R., Halperin, J. L., & Desnick, R. J. (2009) · Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2217/pgs.09.71 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Yang, J., Chen, Y., Li, X., Wei, X., Chen, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Xu, Q., Wang, H., Li, Y., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.151 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Venous thromboembolism and ethnicity
Roberts, L. N., Patel, R., & Arya, R. (2009) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07786.x · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E genotype and warfarin dosing among Caucasians and African Americans
Kimmel, S. E., Christie, J. D., Kealey, C., Chen, Z., Price, M., Thorn, C. F., Brensinger, C. M., Newcomb, C. W., & Whitehead, A. S. (2007) · The Pharmacogenomics Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.tpj.6500445 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Shen, A. Y., Yao, J. F., Brar, S. S., Jorgensen, M. B., Wang, X., & Chen, W. (2008) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.107.508580 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Paxton, J. W. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/1180 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Ross, K., Bigham, A. W., Edwards, M., Gozdzik, A., Suarez‐Kurtz, G., & Parra, E. J. (2010) · Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/jhg.2010.73 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
McClain, M. R., Palomaki, G. E., Piper, M., & Haddow, J. E. (2008) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1097/gim.0b013e31815bf924 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Warfarin therapy: in need of improvement after all these years
Kimmel, S. E. (2008) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.9.5.677 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Impact of race and gender on antithrombotic therapy
Capodanno, D., & Angiolillo, D. J. (2010) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th10-04-0232 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Factors Influencing Warfarin Dose Requirements in African–Americans
Momary, K. M., Shapiro, N. L., Viana, M. A. G., Nutescu, E. A., Helgason, C. M., & Cavallari, L. H. (2007) · Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2217/14622416.8.11.1535 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationShaw, K., Amstutz, U., Kim, R. B., Lesko, L. J., Turgeon, J., Michaud, V., Hwang, S., Ito, S., Ross, C. J., & Carleton, B. (2015) · Therapeutic Drug Monitoring · doi:10.1097/ftd.0000000000000192 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Pharmacogenetics: from discovery to patient care
Shin, J., Kayser, S. R., & Langaee, T. Y. (2009) · American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy · doi:10.2146/ajhp080170 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Personalized medicine: hope or hype?
Salari, K., Watkins, H. C., & Ashley, E. A. (2012) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs112 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Pharmacogenomics — Ready for Prime Time?
Shurin, S. B., & Nabel, E. G. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme0800801 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Zambon, C., Pengo, V., Padrini, R., Basso, D., Schiavon, S., Fogar, P., Nisi, A., Frigo, A. C., Moz, S., Pelloso, M., et al. (2010) · Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2217/pgs.10.162 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of Pharmacogenomics in the Management of Traditional and Novel Oral Anticoagulants
Cavallari, L. H., Shin, J., & Perera, M. A. (2011) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.31.12.1192 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Liang, R., Li, L., Li, C., Gao, Y., Liu, W., Hu, D., & Sun, Y. (2012) · Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis · doi:10.1007/s11239-012-0725-7 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Roper, N., Storer, B. E., Bona, R., & Fang, M. (2010) · Journal of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.2353/jmoldx.2010.090110 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Influence of CYP4F2 genotype on warfarin dose requirement–a systematic review and meta-analysis
Liang, R., Wang, C., Zhao, H., Huang, J., Hu, D., & Sun, Y. (2011) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2011.11.043 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Borgiani, P., Ciccacci, C., Forte, V., Romano, S., Federici, G., & Novelli, G. (2007) · Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2217/14622416.8.11.1545 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Comparative performance of gene-based warfarin dosing algorithms in a multiethnic population
Lubitz, S. A., Scott, S. A., Rothlauf, E. B., AGARWAL, A., Peter, I., Doheny, D. O., van der Zee, S. A., Jaremko, M., YOO, C., Desnick, R. J., et al. (2010) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03792.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Yoshizawa, M., Hayashi, H., Tashiro, Y., Sakawa, S., Moriwaki, H., Akimoto, T., Doi, O., Kimura, M., Kawarasaki, Y., Inoue, K., et al. (2009) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2008.11.011 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Cho, H.-J., Sohn, K., Park, H.-M., Lee, K., Choi, B., Kim, S., Kim, J. S., On, Y., Chun, M., Kim, H., et al. (2007) · Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2217/14622416.8.4.329 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Adverse Drug Events: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Baehr, A., Peña, J. C., & Hu, D. J. (2015) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-015-0101-3 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Osman, A., Enström, C., Arbring, K., Söderkvist, P., & Lindahl, T. L. (2006) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.02039.x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Oral anticoagulants: Pharmacogenetics
D’Andrea, G., D’Ambrosio, R., & Margaglione, M. (2008) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2007.11.004 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 on warfarin response during initiation of therapy
Limdi, N. A., Wiener, H. W., Goldstein, J. A., Acton, R. T., & Beasley, T. M. (2009) · Blood Cells Molecules and Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2009.01.019 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotype distribution in Asian countries
Gaikwad, T., Ghosh, K., & Shetty, S. (2014) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2014.05.028 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Namazi, S., Azarpira, N., Hendijani, F., Banan, M., Vessal, G., & Mehdipour, A. R. (2010) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2010.06.010 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Ethnic Differences in Warfarin Maintenance dose Requirement and its Relationship with Genetics
Schelleman, H., Limdi, N. A., & Kimmel, S. E. (2008) · Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2217/14622416.9.9.1331 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Michaud, V., Vanier, M.-C., Brouillette, D., Roy, D., Verret, L., Nathaniel Birdling, N. O. E. L., Taillon, I., O’Hara, G. E., Gossard, D., Champagne, M. J., et al. (2007) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/sj.clpt.6100434 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The impact of body weight on rivaroxaban pharmacokinetics
Barsam, S. J., Patel, J. P., Roberts, L. N., Kavarthapu, V., Patel, R., Green, B., & Arya, R. (2017) · Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1002/rth2.12039 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Validation of Clinical Testing for Warfarin Sensitivity
Langley, M. R., Booker, J. K., Evans, J. P., McLeod, H. L., & Weck, K. E. (2009) · Journal of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.2353/jmoldx.2009.080123 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Ueshima, S., Hira, D., Kimura, Y., Fujii, R., Tomitsuka, C., Yamane, T., Tabuchi, Y., Ozawa, T., Itoh, H., Ohno, S., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.13561 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Özer, N., Çam, N., Tangürek, B., Ozer, S., Uyarel, H., Öz, D., Güney, M., & Çiloğlu, F. (2010) · Heart and Vessels · doi:10.1007/s00380-009-1177-7 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Gan, G. G., Phipps, M. E., Lee, M. M. T., Lü, L., Subramaniam, R. Y., Bee, P. C., & Chang, S. H. (2010) · Annals of Hematology · doi:10.1007/s00277-010-1119-6 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Pharmacogenomics of warfarin: Uncovering a piece of the warfarin mystery
Gulseth, M. P., Grice, G. R., & Dager, W. E. (2009) · American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy · doi:10.2146/ajhp080127 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Effect of Race/Ethnicity on the Efficacy of Warfarin
Shen, A. Y., Chen, W., Yao, J. F., Brar, S. S., Wang, X., & Go, A. S. (2008) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200822100-00003 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Warfarin–Antiretroviral Interactions
Liedtke, M. D., & Rathbun, R. C. (2009) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1345/aph.1l497 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Ko, D., Cove, C. L., & Hylek, E. M. (2014) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th13-12-1032 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Manji, I., Pastakia, S. D., DO, A. N., Ouma, M., Schellhase, E. M., Karwa, R., Miller, M. L., Saina, C., & Akwanalo, C. O. (2011) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04503.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
VKORC1 Asp36Tyr warfarin resistance marker is common in Ethiopian individuals
Aklillu, E., Leong, C., Loebstein, R., Halkin, H., & Gak, E. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-01-135863 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Effect of the VKORC1 Genotype on Warfarin Dose Requirements in Japanese Pediatric Patients
Kato, Y., Ichida, F., Saito, K., Watanabe, K., Hirono, K., Miyawaki, T., Yoshimura, N., Horiuchi, I., Taguchi, M., & Hashimoto, Y. (2011) · Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-10-nt-082 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Complex Subunit 1 (VKORC1) Polymorphism and Aortic Calcification
Teichert, M., Visser, L., van Schaik, R. H. N., Hofman, A., Uitterlinden, A. G., Smet, P. A. G. M. D., Witteman, J. C. M., & Stricker, B. H. C. (2008) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.107.159913 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Pharmacogenomics of warfarin in populations of A frican descent
Suarez‐Kurtz, G., & Botton, M. R. (2012) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04354.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Fluorescence enhancement of warfarin induced by interaction with β‐cyclodextrin
Vasquez, J. M., Vu, A., Schultz, J. S., & Vullev, V. I. (2009) · Biotechnology Progress · doi:10.1002/btpr.188 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Kimura, R., Kokubo, Y., Miyashita, K., Otsubo, R., Nagatsuka, K., Otsuki, T., Sakata, T., Nagura, J., Okayama, A., Minematsu, K., et al. (2006) · International Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1532/ijh97.06082 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Saraeva, R., Paskaleva, I., Doncheva, E., Eap, C. B., & Ganev, V. S. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2007.00870.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Genome-wide sequence analyses of ethnic populations across Russia
Zhernakova, D. V., Brukhin, V. B., Malov, S. V., Oleksyk, T. K., Koepfli, K., Zhuk, A. S., Dobrynin, P. V., Kliver, S. F., Cherkasov, N., Tamazian, G., et al. (2019) · Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.03.007 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Defining drug disposition determinants: a pharmacogenetic–pharmacokinetic strategy
Katz, D. A., Murray, B. P., Bhathena, A., & Sahelijo, L. (2008) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2486 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Gu, Q., Kong, Y., Schneede, J., Xiao, Y., Chen, L., Zhong, Q., Xue-feng, W., Hao, J., Chen, B., & Chen, J.-J. (2010) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00228-010-0863-9 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Cho, H.-J., On, Y., Bang, O. Y., Kim, J., Huh, W., Ko, J., Kim, J. S., & Lee, S. (2011) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2011.09.004 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Lima, M. V. R., Ribeiro, G. S., Mesquita, E. T., Victer, P. R., & Vianna‐Jorge, R. (2007) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00228-007-0385-2 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Bazan, N. S., Sabry, N. A., Rizk, A., Mokhtar, S., & Badary, O. A. (2013) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-013-0978-y · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The association of protein S Tokushima-K196E with a risk of deep vein thrombosis
Ikejiri, M., Wada, H., Sakamoto, Y., Ito, N., Nishioka, J., Nakatani, K., Tsuji, A., Yamada, N., Nakamura, M., Ito, M., et al. (2010) · International Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1007/s12185-010-0671-0 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Pharmacogenetics of vitamin K antagonists: useful or hype?
Lippi, G., Franchini, M., & Favaloro, E. J. (2009) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm.2009.140 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Spreafico, M., Lodigiani, C., van Leeuwen, Y., Pizzotti, D., Rota, L. L., Rosendaal, F. R., Mannucci, P. M., & Peyvandi, F. (2008) · Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2217/14622416.9.9.1237 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Kim, J. H., Kim, G. S., Kim, E. J., Park, S., Chung, N., & Chu, S. H. (2011) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0b013e31820914e7 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Role of cytochrome P450 genotype in the steps toward personalized drug therapy
Cavallari, L. H., Jeong, & Bress, A. P. (2011) · Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine · doi:10.2147/pgpm.s15497 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
- Authors
- Takahashi, H., Wilkinson, G. R., Nutescu, E. A., Morita, T., Ritchie, M. D., Scordo, M. G., Pengo, V., Barban, M., Padrini, R., Ieiri, I., Otsubo, K., Kashima, T., Kimura, S., Kijima, S., & Echizen, H.
- Affiliations
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University (JP)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- University of Messina (IT)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Tottori University (JP)
- Eisai (Japan) (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Takahashi, Harumi
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pharmacogenetics and Genomics
- Published
- 2006-02
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 101-110
- ISSN
- 1744-6872 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2042292509
- Cited by
- 376
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 38.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Pharmacogenetics and Genomics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Eisai
- National Institutes of Health (GM31304)
- U.S. Public Health Service
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM31304, P01GM031304)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Keywords
- warfarin, VKORC1, CYP2C9, genetic polymorphism, vitamin K epoxide reductase, interpopulation variability, Japanese, Caucasians, African Americans, S-warfarin, anticoagulation, pharmacogenetics
- MeSH terms
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases, Black or African American, Female, Genotype, Humans, Mixed Function Oxygenases, Infant, Japan, Male, Pharmacogenetics, United States, Genetic Variation, Warfarin, Black People, White People, Asian People, Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases, Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
