Concussion Reporting Rates at the Conclusion of an Intercollegiate Athletic Career
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the current reported, unreported, and potentially unrecognized concussion rates among collegiate student-athletes who have completed their collegiate athletic career. DESIGN: Retrospective survey. SETTING: College and University athletic training rooms. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixty-one collegiate student-athletes (56.5% women; aged 21.5 ± 1.3; 3.7 ± 1.0 years of collegiate athletic experience) from 10 institutions who had either completed their intercollegiate athletic eligibility or were no longer participating. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The self-reported concussion rate, the unreported rate and reasons, and the potentially unrecognized concussion rate. RESULTS: The self-reported concussion rate was 33.5% (54/161), and 22.2% (12) self-reported at least 3 concussions. The unreported rate was 11.8% (19/161), and the potentially unrecognized rate was 26.1% (42/161) with the most common unrecognized symptom being "knocked silly/seen stars" (23.6% [38/161]). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, 49.7% of all respondents (80/161) reported 1 acknowledged, unreported, or potential concussion. The unreported rate was lower than previous high school studies; however, the potentially unrecognized rate remains high and should be clinically concerning. These findings suggest educational interventions targeting collegiate student-athletes should remain and continue to focus on identifying concussion symptoms and dispelling the common misconception that "bell ringers" and "dings" are not concussions.
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Using the National Patient Register to ascertain TBI cases allowed comprehensive information on all individuals who sought medical treatment, but will have underestimated milder forms of TBI, such as sports-related injuries.
“We used the National Patient Register, as adopted by previous studies [8,15,16], to ascertain TBI cases. This allowed comprehensive information on all individuals who sought medical treatment for their injuries, but will have underestimated milder forms of TBI, for example of the type prevalent in sports-related injuries [53–56].”
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“Concussion history was not utilized as a covariate due to established challenges in accurately ascertaining lifetime concussion history (40).”
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“Previous concussion history was similar between groups; however, concussion reporting and recall are inherently problematic and thus the influence of concussion history remains to be elucidated.(1,13,60)”
BackgroundSelf-citationExamination of collegiate student-athlete concussion reporting intentions and behavior
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“Authors estimate approximately 50% of concussions goes unreported [2-8].”
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“8%), but these authors relied on the participants’ understanding of what was and was not a concussion.(9) Although these investigations highlight the challenges of diagnosing patients with concussions, the presence of ATs was associated with increases in the diagnosis rate and the implementation of safe return-to-play…”
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Using the health belief model to predict concussion-reporting intentions and behaviour
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Differential Effects of Acute and Multiple Concussions on Gait Initiation Performance
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Llewellyn, T., Burdette, G. T., Joyner, A. B., & Buckley, T. A.
- Affiliations
- Valdosta State University (US)
- Georgia Southern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Llewellyn, Tracy
- Venue
- Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 76-79
- ISSN
- 1050-642X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2066332029
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 8
- FWCI
- 14.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
- Keywords
- concussion, collegiate student-athletes, concussion reporting, concussion symptoms, post-concussion symptoms, concussion education, college athletics
- MeSH terms
- Athletic Injuries, Brain Concussion, Female, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, United States, Universities, Young Adult
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