Cited by 377Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchFamily and Patient Care in Intensive Care UnitsGrief, Bereavement, and Mental Health

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Traumatic stress in parents of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit.

Balluffi, Andrew, Kassam-Adams, Nancy, Kazak, Anne, Tucker, Michelle, Dominguez, Troy, Helfaer, Mark·2004·Pediatric Critical Care Medicine

DOI 10.1097/01.pcc.0000137354.19807.44

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of parental acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to examine the relationship between ASD symptoms and PTSD symptoms in parents of infants and children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). To examine the correlation between parental perceptions of illness severity and objective measures. To assess the association among demographic, situational, and illness factors and the severity of ASD and PTSD. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Thirty-eight bed PICU at an urban children's hospital. PATIENTS: The parents of 272 children admitted to the PICU for >48 hrs. INTERVENTIONS: ASD symptoms were assessed using the Acute Stress Disorder Scale during the child's admission. PTSD symptoms were assessed using the PTSD Checklist at least 2 months after discharge. The severity of illness was measured using the Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM III) score. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 272 parents completing the initial assessment, 87 (32%) met symptom criteria for ASD. Of the 161 parents completing follow-up, 33 (21%) met symptom criteria for PTSD. PTSD symptoms at follow-up were associated with ASD symptoms assessed in the PICU, unexpected admission, parent's degree of worry that the child might die, and the occurrence of another hospital admission or other traumatic event subsequent to the index admission. Neither ASD nor PTSD responses were associated with objective measures of a child's severity of illness (PRISM III score). CONCLUSION: Traumatic stress symptoms are common among parents in the PICU and may persist long after discharge. There is strong support from these data for continued attention to supporting parents both during and after a child's PICU admission.

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“However, higher levels of distress reactions in this early phase have been shown to predict later, persistent parent mental health difficulties [5, 8, 9] placing parents and the ill child at high risk of mental health problems [10, 11].”
Background
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Parental Presence at the Bedside of Critically Ill Children in a Unit With Unrestricted Visitation*
Foster, J. R., AlOthmani, F. I., Seabrook, J. A., Alofisan, T. O., AlGarni, Y. M., & Sarpal, A. (2018) · Pediatric Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/pcc.0000000000001597 · Cited by 18
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Psychosocial responses of parents to their infant’s diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome
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Blogs Written by Families During Their Child's Hospitalization: A Thematic Narrative Analysis
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Parental experiences of home phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
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Admission Psychosocial Characteristics of Critically Ill Children and Acute Stress*
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Authors: Balluffi, A., Kassam-Adams, N., Kazak, A., Tucker, M., Dominguez, T., & Helfaer, M.
Affiliations: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
ORCID: Kazak, Anne
Venue: Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2004-11
Volume: 5
Issue: 6
Pages: 547-553
ISSN: 1529-7535 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/01.pcc.0000137354.19807.44
OpenAlex: W2056568789
Cited by: 377
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 10.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Pediatric Critical Care Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Family and Patient Care in Intensive Care Units
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
Keywords: acute stress disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, pediatric intensive care unit, parents of critically ill children, PRISM III score
MeSH terms: Attitude to Death, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Hospitalization, Hospitals, Urban, Humans, Infant, Length of Stay, Male, Parents, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Intensive Care Units, Pediatric, Cohort Studies, Prevalence, Risk Assessment, Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute

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Traumatic stress in parents of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit.

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