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Acute Traumatic Coagulopathy: Initiated by Hypoperfusion: Modulated Through the Protein C Pathway?
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: Coagulopathy following major trauma is conventionally attributed to activation and consumption of coagulation factors. Recent studies have identified an acute coagulopathy present on admission that is independent of injury severity. We hypothesized that early coagulopathy is due to tissue hypoperfusion, and investigated derangements in coagulation associated with this. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of major trauma patients admitted to a single trauma center. Blood was drawn within 10 minutes of arrival for analysis of partial thromboplastin and prothrombin times, prothrombin fragments 1+2, fibrinogen, thrombomodulin, protein C, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and D-dimers. Base deficit (BD) was used as a measure of tissue hypoperfusion. RESULTS: A total of 208 patients were enrolled. Patients without tissue hypoperfusion were not coagulopathic, irrespective of the amount of thrombin generated. Prolongation of the partial thromboplastin and prothrombin times was only observed with an increased BD. An increasing BD was associated with high soluble thrombomodulin and low protein C levels. Low protein C levels were associated with prolongation of the partial thromboplastin and prothrombin times and hyperfibrinolysis with low levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and high D-dimer levels. High thrombomodulin and low protein C levels were significantly associated with increased mortality, blood transfusion requirements, acute renal injury, and reduced ventilator-free days. CONCLUSIONS: Early traumatic coagulopathy occurs only in the presence of tissue hypoperfusion and appears to occur without significant consumption of coagulation factors. Alterations in the thrombomodulin-protein C pathway are consistent with activated protein C activation and systemic anticoagulation. Admission plasma thrombomodulin and protein C levels are predictive of clinical outcomes following major trauma.
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Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices
Pugh, R. N. H., Murray-Lyon, I. M., Dawson, J. L., Pietroni, M. C., & Williams, R. (1973) · Journal of British Surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.1800600817 · Cited by 7,941
Bernard, G. R., Artigas, A., Brigham, K. L., Carlet, J., Falke, K., Hudson, L., Lamy, M., Legall, J. R., Morris, A., & Spragg, R. (1994) · American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.149.3.7509706 · Cited by 6,746
Cited by
Acute Coagulopathy of Trauma: Hypoperfusion Induces Systemic Anticoagulation and Hyperfibrinolysis
Brohi, K., Cohen, M. J., Ganter, M. T., Schultz, M. J., Levi, M., Mackersie, R. C., & Pittet, J.-F. (2008) · Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection & Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e318169cd3c · Cited by 733
Self-citationThe incidence and magnitude of fibrinolytic activation in trauma patients
RAZA, I., DAVENPORT, R., ROURKE, C., PLATTON, S., MANSON, J., SPOORS, C., KHAN, S., De'ATH, H. D., ALLARD, S., HART, D. P., et al. (2013) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.12078 · Cited by 481
Self-citationStinger, H. K., Spinella, P. C., Perkins, J. G., Grathwohl, K. W., Salinas, J., Martini, W. Z., Hess, J. R., Dubick, M. A., Simon, C. D., Beekley, A. C., et al. (2008) · Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection & Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e318160a57b · Cited by 414
Definition and drivers of acute traumatic coagulopathy: clinical and experimental investigations
FRITH, D., GOSLINGS, J. C., GAARDER, C., MAEGELE, M., COHEN, M. J., ALLARD, S., JOHANSSON, P. I., STANWORTH, S., THIEMERMANN, C., & BROHI, K. (2010) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03945.x · Cited by 401
Self-citationMoore, H. B., Moore, E. E., Lawson, P. J., Gonzalez, E., Fragoso, M., Morton, A. P., Gamboni, F., Chapman, M. P., Sauaia, A., Banerjee, A., et al. (2015) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2015.04.008 · Cited by 73
Metadata
- Authors
- Brohi, K., Cohen, M. J., Ganter, M. T., Matthay, M. A., Mackersie, R. C., & Pittet, J.-F.
- Venue
- Annals of Surgery
- Published
- 2007-05
- Volume
- 245
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 812-818
- ISSN
- 0003-4932 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1974693697
- Cited by
- 736
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 34.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Brohi, K., Cohen, M. J., Ganter, M. T., Matthay, M. A., Mackersie, R. C., & Pittet, J.-F. (2007). Acute Traumatic Coagulopathy: Initiated by Hypoperfusion: Modulated Through the Protein C Pathway? Annals of Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sla.0000256862.79374.31
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