Cited by 512Empathy and Medical EducationDiabetes Management and EducationPatient-Provider Communication in Healthcare

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The Relationship Between Physician Empathy and Disease Complications: An Empirical Study of Primary Care Physicians and Their Diabetic Patients in Parma, Italy

Canale, Stefano Del, Louis, Daniel Z., Maio, Vittorio, Wang, Xiaohong, Rossi, Giuseppina, Hojat, Mohammadreza, Gonnella, Joseph S.·2012·Academic Medicine

DOI 10.1097/acm.0b013e3182628fbf

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Abstract

PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that scores of a validated measure of physician empathy are associated with clinical outcomes for patients with diabetes mellitus. METHOD: This retrospective correlational study included 20,961 patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus from a population of 284,298 adult patients in the Local Health Authority, Parma, Italy, enrolled with one of 242 primary care physicians for the entire year of 2009. Participating physicians' Jefferson Scale of Empathy scores were compared with occurrence of acute metabolic complications (hyperosmolar state, diabetic ketoacidosis, coma) in diabetes patients hospitalized in 2009. RESULTS: Patients of physicians with high empathy scores, compared with patients of physicians with moderate and low empathy scores, had a significantly lower rate of acute metabolic complications (4.0, 7.1, and 6.5 per 1,000 patients, respectively, P < .05). Logistic regression analysis showed physicians' empathy scores were associated with acute metabolic complications: odds ratio (OR) = 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37-0.95, contrasting physicians with high and low empathy scores). Patients' age (≥69 years) also contributed to the prediction of acute metabolic complications: OR = 1.7 (95% CI, 1.2-1.4). Physicians' gender and age, patients' gender, type of practice (solo, association), geographical location of practice (mountain, hills, plain), and length of time the patient had been enrolled with the physician were not associated with acute metabolic complications. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that physician empathy is significantly associated with clinical outcome for patients with diabetes mellitus and should be considered an important component of clinical competence.

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Authors: Canale, S. D., Louis, D. Z., Maio, V., Wang, X., Rossi, G., Hojat, M., & Gonnella, J. S.
Affiliations: Thomas Jefferson University (US)
Corresponding author: Louis, Daniel Z.
ORCID: Maio, Vittorio
Wang, Xiaohong
Hojat, Mohammadreza
Venue: Academic Medicine
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2012-09
Volume: 87
Issue: 9
Pages: 1243-1249
ISSN: 1040-2446 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/acm.0b013e3182628fbf
OpenAlex: W2114067207
Cited by: 512
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 17.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Academic Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Empathy and Medical Education
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
Keywords: physician empathy, diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, diabetic coma, Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, clinical outcomes, primary care physicians, elderly patients, clinical competence
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Empathy, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Italy, Male, Physician-Patient Relations, Retrospective Studies, Logistic Models, Diabetes Complications, Physicians, Primary Care

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The Relationship Between Physician Empathy and Disease Complications: An Empirical Study of Primary Care Physicians and Their Diabetic Patients in Parma, Italy

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