The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Natural History of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a severe chronic pain condition characterized by sensory, autonomic, motor, and dystrophic signs and symptoms. This study was undertaken to expand our current knowledge of the evolution of CRPS signs and symptoms with duration of disease. METHOD: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis using data extracted from a patient questionnaire to evaluate the clinical characteristics of CRPS at different time points of disease progression. Data from the questionnaire included pain characteristics and associated symptoms. It also included autonomic, motor, and dystrophic symptoms and also initiating events, ameliorating and aggravating factors, quality of life, work status, comorbid conditions, pattern of pain spread, family history, and demographics. Comparisons were made of different parameters as they varied with disease duration. RESULTS: A total of 656 patients with CRPS of at least 1-year duration were evaluated. The average age of all participants was 37.5 years, with disease duration varying from 1 to 46 years. The majority of participants were white (96%). A total of 80.3% were females. None of the patients in this study demonstrated spontaneous remission of their symptoms. The pain in these patients was refractory showing only modest improvement with most current therapies. DISCUSSION: This study shows that although CRPS is a progressive disease, after 1 year, the majority of the signs and symptoms were well developed and although many variables worsen over the course of the illness, the majority demonstrated only moderate increases with disease duration.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“many people have persistent CRPS with severe functional impairment and decreased quality of life [3, 4].”
From Symptom reduction and improved function in chronic CRPS type 1 after 12-week integrated, interdisciplinary therapy (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
Citations
Cites
The short-form McGill pain questionnaire
Melzack, R. (1987) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(87)91074-8 · Cited by 4,368
Neuronal plasticity: Increasing the gain in pain
Woolf, C. J., & Salter, M. W. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.288.5472.1765 · Cited by 3,781
Signs and symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: prospective study of 829 patients
Veldman, P. H. J. M., Reynen, H., Arntz, I. E., & Goris, R. J. A. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)92877-v · Cited by 1,141
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: changing concepts and taxonomy
Stanton-Hicks, M. D., Jänig, W., Hassenbusch, S. J., Haddox, J. D., Boas, R. A., & Wilson, P. (1995) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(95)00110-e · Cited by 1,102
Role of the Immune system in chronic pain
Marchand, F., Perretti, M., & McMahon, S. B. (2005) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1700 · Cited by 1,098
The incidence of complex regional pain syndrome: A population-based study
de Mos, M., de Bruijn, A. G. J., Huygen, F. J. P. M., Dieleman, J. P., Stricker, C. B. H., & Sturkenboom, M. (2006) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.09.008 · Cited by 977
Sandroni, P., Benrud‐Larson, L. M., McClelland, R. L., & Low, P. A. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(03)00065-4 · Cited by 739
Bruehl, S. P., Harden, N. R., Galer, B. S., Saltz, S., Bertram, M., Bačkonja, M., Gayles, R., Rudin, N. J., Bhugra, M. K., & Stanton-Hicks, M. D. (1999) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00011-1 · Cited by 621
Chronic pain patients are impaired on an emotional decision-making task
Apkarian, V. A., Sosa, Y., Krauss, B. R., Thomas, S. P., Fredrickson, B. E., Levy, R. E., Harden, N. R., & Chialvo, D. R. (2004) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2003.12.015 · Cited by 536
McCabe, C. (2002) · British journal of rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keg041 · Cited by 505
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Clinical features and pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome
Marinus, J., Moseley, G. L., Birklein, F., Baron, R., Maihöfner, C., Kingery, W. S., & van Hilten, J. J. (2011) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(11)70106-5 · Cited by 726
Complex regional pain syndrome
Bruehl, S. P. (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.h2730 · Cited by 414
Schwartzman, R. J., Alexander, G. M., Grothusen, J. R., Paylor, T., Reichenberger, E. R., & Perreault, M. J. (2009) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.08.015 · Cited by 355
Self-citationThe use of ketamine in complex regional pain syndrome: possible mechanisms
Schwartzman, R. J., Alexander, G. M., & Grothusen, J. R. (2011) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.11.31 · Cited by 225
Self-citationComplex regional pain syndrome: A comprehensive and critical review
Borchers, A. T., & Gershwin, M. E. (2013) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2013.10.006 · Cited by 206
Metadata
- Authors
- Schwartzman, R. J., Erwin, K. L., & Alexander, G. M.
- Affiliations
- Drexel University (US)
- Venue
- The Clinical Journal of Pain
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 273-280
- ISSN
- 0749-8047 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2011352969
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 19.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Pain Management
- Keywords
- complex regional pain syndrome, disease progression, disease duration, chronic pain, autonomic symptoms, motor symptoms, refractory pain, quality of life, employment status, comorbidities, pain spread, family history (medicine)
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Pain Measurement, Pennsylvania, Cohort Studies, Prevalence, Disease Progression, Complex Regional Pain Syndromes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
