The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Freirean Conscientization With Critical Care Nurses to Reduce Moral Distress and Increase Perceived Empowerment: A Pilot Study
Abstract
Moral distress in nursing has been linked to a relative lack of power in the workplace. We designed and piloted a Freirean-based conscientization intervention to raise awareness and address disempowerment with 13 critical care nurses in the US Midwest who recently experienced moral distress. A transformative, mixed-methods, pre/post design was used with convergence of qualitative and quantitative data. Results showed improved moral distress and mixed results in perceived personal and group empowerment. Further study is warranted to test conscientization-based interventions that give nurses opportunity collectively to develop empowered responses to situations that lead to moral distress.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The smallest sample was 13.42”
From Workplace interventions to improve well-being and reduce burnout for nurses, physicians and allied healthcare professionals: a systematic review. (2023) · cites this paper as [42]
Citations
Cites
But is it rigorous? Trustworthiness and authenticity in naturalistic evaluation
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1986) · New Directions for Program Evaluation · doi:10.1002/ev.1427 · Cited by 3,668
Research works printed but not linked: 23
- de Veer, 2013, Determinants of moral distress in daily nursing practice: a cross sectional correlational questionnaire survey, Int J Nurs Stud, 50, 100, 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.08.017 · DOI
- Oh, 2015, Moral distress experienced by nurses, Nurs Ethics, 22, 15, 10.1177/0969733013502803 · DOI
- Young, 2017, “Powerlessness” or “doing the right thing”: moral distress among nursing home staff caring for residents at the end of life: an interpretive descriptive study, Palliat Med, 31, 853, 10.1177/0269216316682894 · DOI
- Roberts, 1983, Oppressed group behavior: implications for nursing, Adv Nurs Sci, 5, 21, 10.1097/00012272-198307000-00006 · DOI
- Huffman, 2012, How professional nurses working in hospital environments experience moral distress: a systematic review, Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am, 24, 91, 10.1016/j.ccell.2012.01.004 · DOI
- Dubrosky, 2013, Iris Young's five faces of oppression applied to nursing, Nurs Forum, 48, 205, 10.1111/nuf.12027 · DOI
- Hutchinson, 2006, Workplace bullying in nursing: towards a more critical organisational perspective, Nurs Inq, 13, 118, 10.1111/j.1440-1800.2006.00314.x · DOI
- Clark, 2013, Exploring and addressing faculty-to-faculty incivility: a national perspective and literature review, J Nurs Ed, 52, 211, 10.3928/01484834-20130319-01 · DOI
- Rodwell, 2012, Oppression and exposure as differentiating predictors of types of workplace violence for nurses, J Clin Nurs, 21, 2296, 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04192.x · DOI
- Rugut, 2013, Reflection on Paulo Freire and classroom relevance, Am Int J Soc Sci, 2, 23
- Watts, 2011, Critical consciousness: current status and future directions, New Dir Child Adolesc Dev, 2011, 43, 10.1002/cd.310 · DOI
- Hamric, 2012, Development and testing of an instrument to measure moral distress in healthcare professionals, AJOB Prim Res, 3, 1, 10.1080/21507716.2011.652337 · DOI
- Spreitzer, 1995, Psychological empowerment in the workplace: dimensions, measurement, and validation, Acad Manag J, 38, 1442, 10.2307/256865 · DOI
- Laschinger, 2001, Impact of structural and psychological empowerment on job strain in nursing work settings, J Nurs Adm, 31, 260, 10.1097/00005110-200105000-00006 · DOI · Paper page
- Faulkner, 2008, The effects of structural and psychological empowerment on perceived respect in acute care nurses, J Nurs Manag, 16, 214, 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2007.00781.x · DOI
- Mishler, 1995, Models of narrative analysis: a typology, J Narrative Life Hist, 5, 87, 10.1075/jnlh.5.2.01mod · DOI
- Houston, 2013, The intensity and frequency of moral distress among different health care disciplines, J Clin Ethics, 24, 98, 10.1086/JCE201324203 · DOI
- Whitehead, 2015, Moral distress among health care professionals: report of an institution-wide survey, J Nurs Scholarsh, 47, 117, 10.1111/jnu.12115 · DOI
- Wilson, 2013, Moral distress: levels, coping and preferred interventions in critical care and transitional care nurses, J Clin Nur, 22, 1455, 10.1111/jocn.12128 · DOI
- Varcoe, 2012, Nurses' perceptions of and responses to morally distressing situations, Nurs Ethics, 19, 488, 10.1177/0969733011436025 · DOI
- Ganz, 2012, Moral distress and structural empowerment among a national sample of Israeli intensive care nurses, J Adv Nurs, 69, 415, 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06020.x · DOI
- Leggett, 2013, A pilot study examining moral distress in nurses working in one United States burn center, J Burn Care Res, 34, 521, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e31828c7397 · DOI
- Malloy, 2015, Finding meaning in the work of nursing: an international study, Online J Issues Nurs, 20, 7, 10.3912/OJIN.Vol20No03PPT02 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cohen, C., Pignata, S., Bezak, E., Tie, M., & Childs, J. (2023) · BMJ open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071203 · Cited by 514
Metadata
- Authors
- Bevan, N. A., & Emerson, A. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Missouri–Kansas City (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bevan, Nancy A.
- ORCID
- Emerson, Amanda M.
- Venue
- Advances in Nursing Science
- Published
- 2020-04-01
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- E131-E146
- ISSN
- 0161-9268 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3021210971
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 2.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in Nursing Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Ethics in medical practice
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing education and management
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Ethics in Business and Education
- Keywords
- moral distress, critical consciousness, Freirean pedagogy, intensive care unit nurses, nurse empowerment, workplace power, nursing ethics, empowerment interventions
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Burnout, Professional, Critical Care, Female, Humans, Job Satisfaction, Male, Morals, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Pilot Projects, Power, Psychological, Workplace, Nurse's Role, Critical Care Nursing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Freirean Conscientization With Critical Care Nurses to Reduce Moral Distress and Increase Perceived Empowerment: A Pilot Study. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1097/ans.0000000000000307
- The paper
- Bevan, N. A., & Emerson, A. M. (2020). Freirean Conscientization With Critical Care Nurses to Reduce Moral Distress and Increase Perceived Empowerment: A Pilot Study. Advances in Nursing Science. https://doi.org/10.1097/ans.0000000000000307
