Impact of Structural and Psychological Empowerment on Job Strain in Nursing Work Settings: Expanding Kanter???s Model
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In this study, we tested an expanded model of Kanter's structural empowerment, which specified the relationships among structural and psychological empowerment, job strain, and work satisfaction. BACKGROUND: Strategies proposed in Kanter's empowerment theory have the potential to reduce job strain and improve employee work satisfaction and performance in current restructured healthcare settings. The addition to the model of psychological empowerment as an outcome of structural empowerment provides an understanding of the intervening mechanisms between structural work conditions and important organizational outcomes. METHODS: A predictive, nonexperimental design was used to test the model in a random sample of 404 Canadian staff nurses. The Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire, the Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire, the Job Content Questionnaire, and the Global Satisfaction Scale were used to measure the major study variables. RESULTS: Structural equation modelling analyses revealed a good fit of the hypothesized model to the data based on various fit indices (chi 2 = 1140, df = 545, chi 2/df ratio = 2.09, CFI = 0.986, RMSEA = 0.050). The amount of variance accounted for in the model was 58%. Staff nurses felt that structural empowerment in their workplace resulted in higher levels of psychological empowerment. These heightened feelings of psychological empowerment in turn strongly influenced job strain and work satisfaction. However, job strain did not have a direct effect on work satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide initial support for an expanded model of organizational empowerment and offer a broader understanding of the empowerment process.
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Numerous sources of nursing stress have been recognized, such as shift work, patient death, heavy workload, powerlessness, management styles, and poorly designed jobs and work environments.
“Many sources of nurses’ stress have been identified, including shift work, death of patients, heavy work load, feelings of powerlessness, management styles, and ill-designed jobs and work environments (Burke & Greenglass, 2001; Laschinger et al., 2001; Ruggiero, 2003; Upenieks, 2003; Cohen-Katz et al., 2005).”
From Reducing nurses' stress: A randomized controlled trial of a web-based stress management program for nurses (2016) · cites this paper as Laschinger et al., 2001
Nurses' stress and burnout are influenced by both the work environment and their coping resources.
“The amount of stress and burnout experienced by nurses appears to be both a function of the work environment and nurses’ coping resources.”
From Reducing nurses' stress: A randomized controlled trial of a web-based stress management program for nurses (2016) · cites this paper as Laschinger et al., 2001
The hospital setting and management approach influence how stressed nurses are.
“The findings of other studies have also underscored the roles of hospital environment and management style in determining nurses’ stress levels, suggesting that stress management interventions should address issues at the organizational/management level as well as the personal level (Ruggiero, 2003; Laschinger et al., 2001).”
From Reducing nurses' stress: A randomized controlled trial of a web-based stress management program for nurses (2016) · cites this paper as Laschinger et al., 2001
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Information and communication technology: Implications for job stress and employee well-being
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The impact of staff nurse empowerment on person-job fit and work engagement/burnout
Spence Laschinger, H. K., Wong, C. A., & Greco, P. (2006) · Nursing Administration Quarterly · doi:10.1097/00006216-200610000-00008 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationHersch, R. K., Cook, R. F., Deitz, D. K., Kaplan, S., Hughes, D., Friesen, M. A., & Vezina, M. (2016) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2016.04.003 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
“also underscored the roles of hospital environment and management style in determining nurses’ stress levels, suggesting that stress management interventions should address issues at the organizational/management level as well as the personal level (Ruggiero, 2003; Laschinger et al., 2001).”
BackgroundInfluentialWorking and Environmental Factors on Job Burnout: A Cross-sectional Study Among Nurses
Galletta, M., Portoghese, I., Ciuffi, M., Sancassiani, F., Aloja, E. D., & Campagna, M. (2016) · Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/1745017901612010132 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
A Conceptual Model for Growing Evidence-based Practice
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Ta'an, W. F., Al‐Hammouri, M. M., & Rababah, J. A. (2022) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.13698 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Spence Laschinger, H. K., Finegan, J., Shamian, J., & Wilk, P.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- Venue
- JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration
- Published
- 2001-05
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 260-272
- ISSN
- 0002-0443 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2039019796
- Cited by
- 867
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 18.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing education and management
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Leadership and Management › Healthcare Education and Workforce Issues
- Keywords
- structural empowerment, psychological empowerment, job strain, job satisfaction, nurses, organizational empowerment, nursing work conditions, health care reform
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Burnout, Professional, Cross-Sectional Studies, Decision Making, Organizational, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Job Satisfaction, Male, Models, Psychological, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Ontario, Power, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reward, Social Support, Organizational Culture, Nursing Administration Research, Professional Autonomy
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