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Practice Bulletin No. 157: Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention
Abstract
The incidence of cervical cancer in the United States has decreased more than 50% in the past 30 years because of widespread screening. In 1975, the rate was 14.8 per 100,000 women. By 2011, it decreased to 6.7 per 100,000 women. Mortality from the disease has undergone a similar decrease from 5.55 per 100,000 women in 1975 to 2.3 per 100,000 women in 2011 (). The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimated that there would be 12,900 new cases of cervical cancer in the United States in 2015, with 4,100 deaths from the disease (). Cervical cancer is much more common worldwide, particularly in countries without screening programs, with an estimated 527,624 new cases of the disease and 265,672 resultant deaths each year (). When cervical cancer screening programs have been introduced into communities, marked reductions in cervical cancer incidence have followed ().New technologies for cervical cancer screening continue to evolve, as do recommendations for managing the results. In addition, there are different risk-benefit considerations for women at different ages, as reflected in age-specific screening recommendations. In 2011, the ACS, the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP), and the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) updated their joint guidelines for cervical cancer screening (), as did the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (). Subsequently, in 2015, ASCCP and the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) issued interim guidance for the use of a human papillomavirus (HPV) test for primary screening for cervical cancer that was approved in 2014 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (). The purpose of this document is to provide a review of the best available evidence regarding the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer.
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“Guidelines from USPSTF and ACOG recommend that cervical cancer screening begin at age 21 years (174,175).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [175]
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Items 101–118 of 118
Human papillomavirus - enigmas and persistent questions
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Hallner, B. G., Dougher, E., & PEACOCK, L. M. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316534229.010
Case of a Girl with Special Needs Seeking Menstrual Management
Sieke, E. H., & Rome, E. S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-66978-6_24
Gynecologic Care and Contraception in the Medically Complex Adolescent
Jacobs, A. M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-66978-6_22
Case of a Girl Due for Human Papillomavirus Immunization
Rahmandar, M. H., & Braverman, P. K. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-66978-6_2
Atila, D., EKİNCİ, F., & Altay, M. (2019) · Family practice and palliative care · doi:10.22391/fppc.460407
Marzio, D. H., & Arastu, S. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816569-0.00007-3
Bonnez, W. (2016) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555819439.ch29
Transitioning Discoveries from Cancer Genomics Research Laboratories into Pathology Practice
Jamaspishvili, T., & Squire, J. A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96830-8_13
Ávila, I. Y. C., Gómez-Bustamante, E. M., & Cogollo-Milanés, Z. (2022) · Universidad y Salud · doi:10.22267/rus.222403.277
Reduction in Unindicated Cervical Cancer Screening in Adolescents in a Large Health Care System
Geng, B., Oliveira, C. R., Hosier, H., Sheth, S. S., & Vash‐Margita, A. (2024) · Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease · doi:10.1097/lgt.0000000000000831
Prevention, screening, vaccination
Behtash, N., Izadi‐Mood, N., Shirali, E., Nili, F., Sheikhhasani, S., & Ramhormozian, S. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-24794-1.00001-4
Aydın, T. Ö., Ceylan, Y., Aydın, D. E., et al. (2024) · Anatolian journal of obstetrics and gynecology research. · doi:10.4274/anajog.galenos.2024.03522
Wu, Q., Lin, M., Zheng, J., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s561459
Novak, E. N., Ma, A., Hansen, C. J., Wazir, Z., Bond, M. M., Scheurer, M. E., Guo, M., Salcedo, M. P., Schmeler, K. M., & Richards-Kortum, R. R. (2026) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.70931
Rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero com teste de DNA-HPV: atualizações na recomendação
Carvalho, C. F., Teixeira, J. C., Bragança, J. F., Derchain, S., Zeferino, L. C., & Vale, D. B. (2022) · Femina · doi:10.61622/0100-7254504202201
Dai, W., Liu, Y., Du, H., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109077
Irakiza, P. M., Gashaija, A., Muhammed, S., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1880629
“This study addresses that knowledge gap by analyzing national registry data and developing machine learning models to predict survival outcomes, aiming to provide evidence for improving healthcare interventions and informing cervical cancer control policies in Rwanda (8, 24).”
Influential
Metadata
- Venue
- Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e1-e20
- ISSN
- 0029-7844 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4254573998
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 13
- FWCI
- 14.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
- Keywords
- cervical cancer, cervical cancer screening, HPV testing, primary HPV testing, colposcopy, cervical cancer incidence and mortality, cancer prevention, early detection
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Carcinoma in Situ, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Cytological Techniques, Female, Humans, Evidence-Based Medicine, Papillomavirus Infections, Papillomavirus Vaccines, Early Detection of Cancer
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