Maternal Weight Gain in Women Who Develop Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess maternal weight gain before 24 weeks in women developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared with controls with normal glucose tolerance. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of maternal weight gain. Women developing GDM were matched to three controls by self-reported prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), maternal age, race, and parity. Women without documented pregravid or 22- to 24-week weights and multiple gestations were excluded. The primary outcome was weight gain through 24 weeks of gestation. RESULTS: Six hundred fifty-two women (163 in the GDM group and 489 controls) underwent chart review. There were no significant differences in race (36% compared with 36% African American, P=.99), age (28.7 ± 6.3 years compared with 29.4 ± 6.9 years, P=.26) or prepregnancy BMI (31.7 ± 8.2 compared with 31.8 ± 8.6, P=.88). Maternal weight gain was higher in the GDM group than in the control group (14.8 compared with 11.2 lb, P<.001). When controlling for prepregnancy BMI, overweight (18.6 compared with 12.9 lb, P<.004), and obese (12.6 compared with 8.8 lb, P<.008), GDM participants gained significantly more weight by 24 weeks. Both diet-controlled (A1) and insulin-requiring (A2) GDM had higher weight gain compared with controls (control compared with A1: 11.2 compared with 15.3 lb, P=.029; control compared with A2: 11.2 compared with 14.6 lb, P=.018. No difference was found between A1 and A2 patients (P=.942). CONCLUSION: Women who develop GDM have higher gestational weight gain through 24 weeks. Gestational weight gain is a significant risk factor for GDM in the overweight or obese patient but not in patients who were underweight or had a normal BMI before pregnancy.
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Women with GDM tend to gain more weight before 24 weeks' gestation compared to women without GDM (6.7 kg vs. 5.1 kg).
“Women with GDM tend to gain more weight before 24 weeks’ gestation compared to women without GDM (women with GDM: 6.7 kg vs. women without GDM: 5.1 kg) [36].”
From Medical Nutrition Therapy for Women with Gestational Diabetes: Current Practice and Future Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- Gibson, K. S., Waters, T. P., & Catalano, P. M.
- Affiliations
- MetroHealth Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 119
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 560-565
- ISSN
- 0029-7844 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993334878
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 15.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational weight gain, early pregnancy, pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal obesity, maternal overweight, insulin therapy, diet-controlled diabetes, risk factors for gestational diabetes
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Black or African American, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index, Diabetes, Gestational, Black People, White People, Young Adult
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