A Portfolio Coach–Informed Professional Development Framework
Abstract
Introduction: A majority of US medical schools have incorporated faculty coach–supported educational portfolios into the curriculum. Existing research describes coach professional development, competencies, and program perceptions. However, limited research exists on how programs address coach professional development needs. Our sequential objectives were to (1) explore faculty coach professional development experiences within medical student coaching programs and (2) develop a preliminary framework for medical faculty coach professional development. Methods: Faculty portfolio coaches who completed 4 years of a longitudinal coaching program were recruited to complete a semi-structured exit interview. Interviews were transcribed using detailed transcription. Two analysts inductively generated a codebook of parent and child codes to identify themes. They compared themes to the professional development model proposed by O'Sullivan and Irby. Results: Of the 25 eligible coaches, 15 completed the interview. Our team organized themes into two broad domains paralleling the established model: program-specific professional development and career-relevant professional development. Four program-specific professional development themes emerged: doing; modeling; relating; and hosting. Three career-relevant professional development themes emerged: advancement; meaning; and understanding. We then applied themes within each domain to propose strategies to optimize coach professional development and develop a framework modeled after O'Sullivan and Irby. Discussion: To our knowledge, we propose the first portfolio coach–informed framework for professional development. Our work builds on established standards, expert opinion, and research responsible for portfolio coach professional development and competencies. Allied health institutions with portfolio coaching programs can apply the framework for professional development innovation.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The impact of training is a component of coach training.
“| Coach training | Impact of training | [17,36,44] | |”
From Coaching in undergraduate and graduate medical education: a scoping review of success factors, barriers, and outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as [36]
Experiencing negative emotional outcomes is a coach outcome.
“| Coach | Experiencing negative emotional outcomes | [36,39,148] | |”
From Coaching in undergraduate and graduate medical education: a scoping review of success factors, barriers, and outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as [36]
Wellness focused is a coaching success factor.
“| Coaching success factors | Coaching | Wellness focused | [18,36,101] |”
From Coaching in undergraduate and graduate medical education: a scoping review of success factors, barriers, and outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as [36]
Cites
The qualitative content analysis process
Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x · Cited by 22,617 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The research team analyzed transcripts using elements of inductive qualitative analyses as de fi ned by Elo et al. 27,28 The research team approached the interview transcripts with a multiphase coding process to analyze the data using a descriptive thematic analysis approach.”
MethodBraun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021) · Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health · doi:10.1080/2159676x.2019.1704846 · Cited by 4,776 · see citing works
Physician burnout: contributors, consequences and solutions
West, C. P., Dyrbye, L. N., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2018) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12752 · Cited by 2,768 · see citing works
Reflection and reflective practice in health professions education: a systematic review
Mann, K., Gordon, J., & MacLeod, A. (2009) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-007-9090-2 · Cited by 2,175 · see citing works
Søvold, L. E., Naslund, J. A., Kousoulis, A. A., Saxena, S., Qoronfleh, M. W., Grobler, C., & Münter, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.679397 · Cited by 973 · see citing works
The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research.
Scott, J. C., & Glaser, B. G. (1971) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2094063 · Cited by 834 · see citing works
Can sample size in qualitative research be determined a priori?
Sim, J., Saunders, B., Waterfield, J., & Kingstone, T. (2018) · International Journal of Social Research Methodology · doi:10.1080/13645579.2018.1454643 · Cited by 745 · see citing works
Englander, R., Cameron, T., Ballard, A. J., Dodge, J., Bull, J., & Aschenbrener, C. A. (2013) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e31829a3b2b · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Buckley, S. G., Coleman, J. J., Davison, I., Khan, K. S., Zamora, J., Malick, S. M., Morley, D., Pollard, D., Ashcroft, T., Popovic, C., et al. (2009) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421590902889897 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Shanafelt, T. D. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1385 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Reframing Research on Faculty Development
O’Sullivan, P., & Irby, D. M. (2011) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e31820dc058 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Portfolios in medical education: why do they meet with mixed success? A systematic review
Driessen, E. W., van Tartwijk, J., van der Vleuten, C. P. M., & Wass, V. (2007) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02944.x · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Addressing the Leadership Gap in Medicine
Blumenthal, D. M., Bernard, K., Bohnen, J. D., & Bohmer, R. M. J. (2012) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e31824a0c47 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Conditions for successful reflective use of portfolios in undergraduate medical education
Driessen, E. W., van Tartwijk, J., Overeem, K., Vermunt, J. D. H. M., & van der Vleuten, C. P. M. (2005) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02337.x · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Reflections: an inquiry into medical students’ professional identity formation
Wong, A., & Trollope‐Kumar, K. (2014) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/medu.12382 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Beyond the Margins: Reflective Writing and Development of Reflective Capacity in Medical Education
Wald, H. S., & Reis, S. P. (2010) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-010-1347-4 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
The use of portfolio learning in medical education
Snadden, D. (1998) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421599880904 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Portfolios in continuing medical education – effective and efficient?
Mathers, N. J., Challis, M., Howe, A. C., & Field, N. J. (1999) · Medical Education · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00407.x · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Use of portfolios in early undergraduate medical training
Driessen, E. W., van Tartwijk, J., Vermunt, J. D. H. M., & van der Vleuten, C. P. M. (2003) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159021000061378 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Evidence-based leadership development for physicians: A systematic literature review
Geerts, J. M., Goodall, A. H., & Agius, S. J. (2019) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112709 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Are We On the Same Page? Effects of Self-Awareness of Empowering and Transformational Leadership
Tekleab, A. G., Sims, H. P., Yun, S., Tesluk, P. E., & Cox, J. F. (2007) · Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies · doi:10.1177/1071791907311069 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
????????? ??? ????????? ????????? 3?????? ?????? ????????? ??????
Sim, J.-Y., & Lee, S.-U. (2001) · Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Student perceptions of a portfolio assessment process
Davis, M. H., Ponnamperuma, G. G., & Ker, J. (2008) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03250.x · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Rees, C. E., & Sheard, C. E. (2004) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2004.01750.x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
State of Women in Medicine: History, Challenges, and the Benefits of a Diverse Workforce
Joseph, M. M., Ahasic, A. M., Clark, J., & Templeton, K. (2021) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2021-051440c · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Challis, M., Mathers, N. J., Howe, A. C., & Field, N. J. (1997) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1997.tb00038.x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Validity of portfolio assessment: which qualities determine ratings?
Driessen, E. W., Overeem, K., van Tartwijk, J., van der Vleuten, C. P. M., & Muijtjens, A. M. M. (2006) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02550.x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Mills, J., Ramachenderan, J., Chapman, M., Greenland, R., & Agar, M. (2020) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216320947966 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Leadership Development in Medicine
Lerman, C., & Jameson, J. L. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp1801610 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
A review of mentorship measurement tools
Chen, Y., Watson, R. A., & Hilton, A. (2016) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2016.01.020 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Archer, J., Stevenson, L. W., Coulter, A., & Breen, A. M. (2018) · Healthcare Management Forum · doi:10.1177/0840470418783463 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Coaching in undergraduate medical education: a national survey
Wolff, M., Hammoud, M., Santen, S., Deiorio, N., & Fix, M. (2020) · Medical Education Online · doi:10.1080/10872981.2019.1699765 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
van Schaik, S. M., Plant, J. L., & O’Sullivan, P. (2012) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/0142159x.2012.733832 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Orr, C., & Sonnadara, R. (2019) · Advances in Medical Education and Practice · doi:10.2147/amep.s191470 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Beyond advising and mentoring: Competencies for coaching in medical education
Wolff, M., Deiorio, N. M., Miller Juve, A., Richardson, J., Gazelle, G., Moore, M., Santen, S. A., & Hammoud, M. M. (2021) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159x.2021.1947479 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Participants' opinions on the usefulness of a teaching portfolio
Tigelaar, D. E. H., Dolmans, D. H. J. M., de Grave, W. S., Wolfhagen, I. H. A. P., & van der Vleuten, C. P. M. (2006) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02414.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Conceptualizing Disagreement in Qualitative Coding
Zade, H., Drouhard, M., Chinh, B., Gan, L., & Aragon, C. (2018) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3173574.3173733 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Heeneman, S., & de Grave, W. S. (2019) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-019-1574-2 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Becoming a coach: experiences of faculty educators learning to coach medical students
Brooks, J. V., Istas, K., & Barth, B. E. (2020) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-020-02119-z · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Status of portfolios in undergraduate medical education in the LCME accredited US medical school
Chertoff, J., Wright, A., Novak, M. A., Fantone, J. C., Fleming, A., Ahmed, T., Green, M. M., Kalet, A. L., Linsenmeyer, M., Jacobs, J. L., et al. (2015) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/0142159x.2015.1114595 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Coaching the Coach: A Program for Development of Faculty Portfolio Coaches
Kopechek, J., Bardales, C., Lash, A. T., Walker, C., Pfeil, S., & Ledford, C. H. (2017) · Teaching and Learning in Medicine · doi:10.1080/10401334.2016.1273781 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationSheu, L. C., Hauer, K. E., Schreiner, K., van Schaik, S. M., Chang, A., & OʼBrien, B. C. (2019) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000002900 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Hiefner, A. R., Constable, P., Ross, K., Sepdham, D., & Ventimiglia, J. B. (2022) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2022.04.210441 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Impact of Student Reflective e-Portfolio on Medical Student Advisors
Bashook, P. G., Gelula, M. H., Joshi, M. A., & Sandlow, L. J. (2008) · Teaching and Learning in Medicine · doi:10.1080/10401330701798113 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Austin, C., & Braidman, I. P. (2008) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421590701758673 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Rediscovering Meaning and Purpose: An Approach to Burnout in the Time of COVID-19 and Beyond
Southwick, S. M., Wisneski, L. A., & Starck, P. L. (2021) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.04.020 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Gill, A. C., Singhal, G., Schutze, G. E., & Turner, T. L. (2020) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.11.042 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Bui, S., Pelosi, A., Mazzaschi, G., Tommasi, C., Rapacchi, E., Camisa, R., Binovi, C., & Leonardi, F. (2021) · Acta bio-medica dell'Ateneo parmense/Acta biomedica · doi:10.23750/abm.v92i3.9738 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 49 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mukherjee, B., Pfleeger, J., Custodio, H., Roca, M. R., Khalsa, G., & Clanton, C. (2026) · Medical Education Online · doi:10.1080/10872981.2026.2687304 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Farooq, A., Mateen, R. M., Ali, M., Javed, M., Dera, A. A., Asimov, A., Ali, S. K., Jaber, F., Bibi, S., Bahadur, A., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-18364-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
From Data to Development: Portfolio Coaching in Emergency Medicine Residency
Wolff, M., Branzetti, J. B., Dyne, P. L., Williams, S. R., Hemphill, R., & Santen, S. A. (2026) · AEM Education and Training · doi:10.1002/aet2.70246
- Authors
- Bose-Brill, S., Bardales, C., Anjum, P., Prater, L., Otsubo, M., Walker, C., Miles, L., Kreger, C., Childerhose, J. E., & Kopechek, J.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions
- Published
- 2023-04-12
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 217-224
- ISSN
- 0894-1912 (ISSN-L)
- 1554-558X
- OpenAlex
- W4365459231
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 0.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Innovations in Medical Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mentoring and Academic Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Coaching Methods and Impact
- Keywords
- coach professional development, medical education, educational portfolio, professional development framework, career development, medical students, coach competencies
- MeSH terms
- Mentoring, Clinical Competence, Curriculum, Faculty, Medical, Humans, Program Development
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review