The relation of soy intake and isoflavone levels in nipple aspirate fluid
Abstract
Given the possible breast cancer preventive effects of isoflavones, substances with an estrogen-like structure occurring in soybeans, it is of interest to assess levels directly in the breast. The objective of this pilot study was to measure isoflavones in nipple aspirate fluid. In a pilot study with 11 women, nipple aspirate fluid and urine samples were collected at baseline and after 1 month of consuming two servings of soymilk per day. In a parallel investigation, one woman donated nipple aspirate fluid, blood, and urine on the same day after consuming different amounts of soy for 9 days. Nipple aspirate fluid was collected with an aspirator, diluted 1 : 11, and stored at -20 degrees C. Isoflavonoids in nipple aspirate fluid, serum, and urine were liquid-liquid extracted after enzymatic hydrolysis followed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization high resolution tandem mass spectrometry analysis using triply C labeled internal isoflavonoid standards. After the 30-day soy intervention, median nipple aspirate fluid yield changed very little (P=0.47), whereas urinary isoflavonoid excretion (P=0.04) and isoflavonoid levels in nipple aspirate fluid (P=0.12) increased substantially. For the nine samples collected in one participant, isoflavonoids measured in nipple aspirate fluid, plasma, and urine were highly correlated with the number of daily soy servings and with each other. This pilot study indicates that isoflavonoids in nipple aspirate fluid are 10 times lower tha…
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With respect to nipple aspirate volume, one study showed no change while one found a significant increase among premenopausal women only, from 16 to 36 μL.
“With respect to nipple aspirate volume (NAV), a marker of breast tissue proliferative activity, one study showed no change [126] while one study found a significant increase in NAV among premenopausal women only, from 16 to 36 µL [125].”
From Soy, Red Clover, and Isoflavones and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [126]
Cites
Sources of estrogen and their importance
Simpson, E. R. (2003) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(03)00360-1 · Cited by 936 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Several studies have indicated that, probably owing to local production (Simpson, 2003), estrogen levels in breast tissue are higher than in serum (Ernster et al., 1987; Petrakis et al., 1987; Chatterton et al., 2003, 2004).”
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Soy, Red Clover, and Isoflavones and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Fritz, H., Seely, D., Flower, G., Skidmore, B., Fernandes, R., Vadeboncoeur, S., Kennedy, D., Cooley, K., Wong, R., Sagar, S., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081968 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
- Authors
- Maskarinec, G., Hebshi, S., Custer, L., & Franke, A. A.
- Affiliations
- Cancer Center of Hawaii (US)
- Corresponding author
- Maskarinec, Gertraud
- Venue
- European Journal of Cancer Prevention
- Published
- 2008-02
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 67-70
- ISSN
- 0959-8278 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998712005
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Cancer Prevention (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1s10rr020890-01)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR020890)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Phytoestrogen effects and research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- isoflavones, soy consumption, nipple aspirate fluid, breast cancer prevention, soy milk, breast tissue, estrogenic compounds, dietary soy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Diet, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Isoflavones, Middle Aged, Nipples, Pilot Projects, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Soy Foods
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