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The DOI matches its Crossref record; 130 of the 131 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Cardiovascular Disease in US Firefighters: A Systematic Review

Soteriades, Elpidoforos S., Smith, Denise L., Tsismenakis, Antonios J., Baur, Dorothee M., Kales, Stefanos N.·2011·Cardiology in Review
DOI 10.1097/crd.0b013e318215c105
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Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of on-duty death among firefighters (45% of on-duty fatalities) and a major cause of morbidity. CVD in the fire service also has adverse public safety implications as well as significant cost impacts on government agencies. Over the last decade, our understanding of CVD among firefighters has significantly improved and provides insight into potential preventive strategies. The physiology of cardiovascular arousal and other changes that occur in association with acute firefighting activities have been well-characterized. However, despite the strenuous nature of emergency duty, firefighters' prevalence of low fitness, obesity, and other CVD risk factors are high. Unique statistical approaches have documented that on-duty CVD events do not occur at random in the fire service. They are more frequent at certain times of day, certain periods of the year, and are overwhelmingly more frequent during strenuous duties compared with nonemergency situations. Moreover, as expected on-duty CVD events occur almost exclusively among susceptible firefighters with underlying CVD. These findings suggest that preventive measures with proven benefits be applied aggressively to firefighters. Furthermore, all fire departments should have entry-level medical evaluations, institute periodic medical and fitness evaluations, and require rigorous return to work evaluations after any significant illness. Finally, on the basis of the overwhelming evidence supporting markedly higher relative risks of on-duty death and disability among firefighters with established coronary heart disease, most firefighters with clinically significant coronary heart disease should be restricted from participating in strenuous emergency duties.

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Crossref · 10.1097/crd.0b013e318215c105

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Metadata

Authors
Soteriades, E. S., Smith, D. L., Tsismenakis, A. J., Baur, D. M., & Kales, S. N.
Affiliations
  • Harvard University (US)
  • University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
  • Boston University (US)
  • Cambridge Health Alliance (US)
Corresponding author
  • Soteriades, Elpidoforos S.
  • Tsismenakis, Antonios J.
  • Baur, Dorothee M.
  • Kales, Stefanos N.
ORCID
Venue
Cardiology in Review
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2011-07
Volume
19
Issue
4
Pages
202-215
ISSN
1061-5377 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1097/crd.0b013e318215c105
OpenAlex
W2035217542
Cited by
419
References
131
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 15
FWCI
5.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Cardiology in Review (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Kypseli (submittedVersion)
Funders
Eli Lilly and Company
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Performance
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords
cardiovascular disease, firefighters, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiorespiratory fitness, obesity, coronary artery disease, occupational health, return to work, fitness evaluation, cardiovascular arousal, CVD prevention
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Cardiovascular Diseases, Dehydration, Diet, Emergency Medicine, Fires, Health Status, Hot Temperature, Humans, Hypertension, Motor Activity, Noise, Nutritional Status, Physical Fitness, Smoking, Stress, Psychological, Sympathetic Nervous System, United States, Prevalence, Occupational Exposure, Workload, Risk Assessment

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