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Age at menarche and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis
Abstract
Objective: The evidence between age at menarche and mortality risk is controversial. We aimed to quantify the dose–response association of age at menarche and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality based on cohort studies. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched up to March 15, 2018 for relevant articles. Random-effects models and restricted cubic splines were used for this meta-analysis. Results: Twelve cohort studies, with 79,363 deaths and 2,341,769 participants, met the inclusion criteria. With each 1-year increase in menarche age, the relative risk (RR) was reduced for all-cause mortality (RR: 0.977, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.970-0.984), CVD mortality (RR: 0.993, 95% CI: 0.975-1.011), ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality (RR: 0.969, 95% CI: 0.947-0.993), and stroke mortality (RR: 0.983, 95% CI: 0.954-1.012). We found a nonlinear dose–response association ( P nonlinearity = 0.001) between age at menarche and all-cause mortality, with the lowest risk observed at menarche age 15 years (RR: 0.849 95% CI: 0.800-0.901), but no evidence of a nonlinear association between menarche age and CVD mortality ( P nonlinearity = 0.543), IHD mortality ( P nonlinearity = 0.310), or stroke mortality ( P nonlinearity = 0.824). Conclusions: Age at menarche is inversely associated with all-cause and IHD mortality.
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“No association between early age at menarche and mortality from cardiovascular disease was found.76”
From Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review (2020) · cites this paper as [76]
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- Prentice, 2013, Pubertal timing and adult obesity and cardiometabolic risk in women and men: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Int J Obes (Lond), 37, 1036, 10.1038/ijo.2012.177 · DOI · Paper page
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Okoth, K., Chandan, J. S., Marshall, T., Thangaratinam, S., Thomas, G. N., Nirantharakumar, K., & Adderley, N. J. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m3502 · Cited by 416
Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, X., Liu, Y., Sun, X., Yin, Z., Li, H., Liu, X., Zhang, D., Cheng, C., Liu, L., Liu, F., Zhou, Q., Wang, C., Li, L., Wang, B., Zhao, Y., Liu, D., Zhang, M., & Hu, D.
- Affiliations
- Zhengzhou University (CN)
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Dongsheng
- ORCID
- Venue
- Menopause
- Published
- 2018-12-17
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 670-676
- ISSN
- 1072-3714 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-0374
- OpenAlex
- W2904593518
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 0.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- age at menarche, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, ischemic heart disease mortality, stroke mortality, dose-response relationship, nonlinear relationship, women's health
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Menarche, Risk Factors
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