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Cited by 7Blood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesHormonal and reproductive studiesHormonal Regulation and Hypertension

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Effect of free androgen index on blood pressure variability and target organ damage in postmenopausal hypertensive women: findings from a cross-sectional study

Open access
Chen, Jianshu, Wang, Qiongying, Pei, Ying, Li, Ningyin, Han, Junchen, Yu, Jing·2021·Menopause
DOI 10.1097/gme.0000000000001835PMC PMC8547744
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Abstract

Objective: The present study investigated the effects of free androgen index (FAI) on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and target organ function in postmenopausal hypertensive women. Methods: A total of 285 postmenopausal hypertensive women (mean age 54.06 ± 3.61) were admitted to the Department of Hypertension of Lanzhou University Second Hospital between December 2018 and December 2020. According to the serum FAI level, the participants were divided into a low-FAI (<0.15) group, a medium-FAI (0.15-0.2) group, and a high-FAI (>0.2) group. The relationship of FAI with 24-hour ABP, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was analyzed. Results: The LVMI, CAVI, 24-hour mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), 24-hour SBP coefficient of variation and 24-hour SBP standard deviation, 24-hour SBP average real variation (ARV), and 24-hour diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ARV in high-FAI group were significantly higher than those in low- and medium-FAI groups (P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, partial correlation analysis showed that FAI was positively correlated with LVMI (r = 0.728, P < 0.001), CAVI (left: r = 0.718, P < 0.001; right: r = 0.742, P < 0.001), 24-hour SBP ARV (r = 0.817, P < 0.001), and 24-hour DBP ARV (r = 0.747, P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, it was found that LVMI increased by 17.64 g/m 2 for every 1 unit increase in FAI. CAVI also increased by 8.983 for every additional unit of FAI. In addition, the results also showed that LVMI and CAVI decreased respectively by 0.198 g/m 2 and 0.009 for every 1 unit increase in sex hormone–binding globulin. Multivariable linear regression showed that FAI was an independent risk factor for 24-hour SBP ARV (OR: 20.416, 95% CI 8.143-32.688, P = 0.001) and 24-hour DBP ARV (OR: 16.539, 95% CI 0.472-32.607, P = 0.044). The results also showed that sex hormone–binding globulin was an independent factor of 24-hour SBP ARV (OR: −0.022, 95% CI −0.044 to 0.000, P = 0.048) and 24-hour DBP-ARV (OR: −0.018, 95% CI −0.029 to −0.008, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Higher serum FAI levels in postmenopausal hypertensive women indicate abnormal BP regulation and more serious target organ damage. FAI is closely related to 24-hour SBP ARV and 24-hour DBP ARV in postmenopausal hypertensive women.

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Crossref · 10.1097/gme.0000000000001835

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  • The free androgen index (FAI) is widely utilized in clinical laboratories and clinical studies because of its accessibility.

    “Because of its accessibility, the FAI is widely utilized in clinical laboratories and clinical studies spanning different disciplines in medicine [216, 217].”

    From Role of sex hormone-binding globulin in the free hormone hypothesis and the relevance of free testosterone in androgen physiology (2022) · cites this paper as [216]

    The Methods (page not provided) calculate FAI from measured testosterone and SHBG, and the Discussion calls it a clinical indicator while noting that direct free-testosterone measurement is costly and technically demanding. The paper does not establish that FAI is widely used in clinical laboratories or across medical disciplines, or explicitly attribute such use to its accessibility. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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Citations

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Research works printed but not linked: 26

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Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Chen, J., Wang, Q., Pei, Y., Li, N., Han, J., & Yu, J.
Affiliations
Lanzhou University Second Hospital (CN)
Corresponding author
Yu, Jing
ORCID
Venue
Menopause
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2021-08-23
Volume
28
Issue
11
Pages
1264-1270
ISSN
  • 1072-3714 (ISSN-L)
  • 1530-0374
DOI
10.1097/gme.0000000000001835
PMC
PMC8547744
OpenAlex
W3193894771
Cited by
7
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2022: 1
FWCI
1.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Lanzhou University Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
Keywords
free androgen index, postmenopausal hypertension, blood pressure variability, target organ damage, left ventricular mass, cardio-ankle vascular index, ambulatory blood pressure, androgen levels
MeSH terms
Androgens, Blood Pressure, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Middle Aged, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular, Postmenopause, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory

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