2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension
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The current background information and detailed discussion of the data can be found in ESC CardioMed - Section 44 Systemic hypertension ... ... Guidelines summarize and evaluate available evidence with the aim of assisting health professionals in selecting the best management strategies for an individual patient with a given condition. Guidelines and their recommendations should facilitate decision making of health professionals in their daily practice. However, the final decisions concerning an individual patient must be made by the responsible health professional(s) in consultation with the patient and caregiver as appropriate. A great number of guidelines have been issued in recent years by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and by the European Society of Hypertension (ESH), as well as by other societies and organisations. Because of the impact on clinical practice, quality criteria for the development of guidelines have been established in order to make all decisions transparent to the user. The recommendations for formulating and issuing ESC Guidelines can be found on the ESC website (http://www.escardio.org/Guidelines-&-Education/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Guidelines-development/Writing-ESC-Guidelines). ESC Guidelines represent the official position of the ESC on a given topic and are regularly updated.
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Reducing systolic blood pressure to <130 mmHg may benefit patients with a particularly high risk of a cerebrovascular event, such as those with a history of stroke.
“Thus, reducing SBP to <130 mmHg may benefit patients with a particularly high risk of a cerebrovascular event, such as those with a history of stroke.”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [193]
The frequency of cardiovascular complications appears to be modulated by ethnicity or racial identity.
“The frequency of CV complications appears to be modulated by ethnicity or racial identity.193,211,212”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [193]
Most patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes need more than one antihypertensive drug to control blood pressure.
“The majority of patients with hypertension and T2DM will require >1 antihypertensive medication to control blood pressure (in the standard care arm in ACCORD, 30% required 2 and 39% required ≥3 antihypertensive medications70).”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [70]
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Self-citationEffect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure
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Increase in Nocturnal Blood Pressure and Progression to Microalbuminuria in Type 1 Diabetes
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Self-citationCompliance, Safety, and Effectiveness of Fixed-Dose Combinations of Antihypertensive Agents
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Self-citationBlood pressure and cardiovascular disease in the Asia Pacific region
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Self-citationBlood-Pressure Lowering in Intermediate-Risk Persons without Cardiovascular Disease
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Self-citationVascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia including Alzheimer's disease
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Baroreflex Activation Therapy Lowers Blood Pressure in Patients With Resistant Hypertension
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Mannheim intima-media thickness consensus
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Self-citationVery Low Levels of Atherogenic Lipoproteins and the Risk for Cardiovascular Events
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2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure
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Self-citation2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes
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Self-citation2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
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Self-citationCosentino, F., Grant, P. J., Aboyans, V., Bailey, C. J., Ceriello, A., Delgado, V., Federici, M., Filippatos, G., Grobbee, D. E., Hansen, T. B., et al. (2020) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz486 · Cited by 4,763 · see citing works
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Self-citation2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes
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Self-citation2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease
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Self-citation2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension
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Self-citation2021 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure
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Self-citation2020 ESC guidelines on sports cardiology and exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease
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Self-citationCardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease
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The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2019)
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2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes.
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Self-citationZhou, B., Perel, P., Mensah, G. A., & Ezzati, M. (2021) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-021-00559-8 · Cited by 1,612 · see citing works
Measurement of Blood Pressure in Humans: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
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Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: Still a Therapeutic Target?
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Blood pressure and the new ACC/AHA hypertension guidelines
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2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
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Self-citationSex differences in cardiometabolic disorders
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Self-citationHypertension Management in Older and Frail Older Patients
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Epidemiology and management of aortic disease: aortic aneurysms and acute aortic syndromes
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Association of office and ambulatory blood pressure with mortality and cardiovascular outcomes
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Self-citationAssociation of Age of Onset of Hypertension With Cardiovascular Diseases and Mortality
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Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A review of contemporary guidance and literature
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10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: <i>Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023</i>
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Williams, B., Mancia, G., Spiering, W., Agabiti Rosei, E., Azizi, M., Burnier, M., Clement, D. L., Coca, A., de Simone, G., Dominiczak, A., Kahan, T., Mahfoud, F., Redon, J., Ruilope, L., Zanchetti, A., Kerins, M., Kjeldsen, S. E., Kreutz, R., Laurent, S., Lip, G. Y. H., McManus, R., Narkiewicz, K., Ruschitzka, F., Schmieder, R. E., Shlyakhto, E., Tsioufis, C., Aboyans, V., Desormais, I., ESC Scientific Document Group, De Backer, G., Heagerty, A. M., Agewall, S., Bochud, M., Borghi, C., Boutouyrie, P., Brguljan, J., Bueno, H., Caiani, E. G., Carlberg, B., Chapman, N., Cífková, R., Cleland, J. G. F., Collet, J.-P., Coman, I. M., de Leeuw, P. W., Delgado, V., Dendale, P., Diener, H.-C., Dorobantu, M., Fagard, R., Farsang, C., Ferrini, M., Graham, I. M., Grassi, G., Haller, H., Hobbs, F. D. R., Jelakovic, B., Jennings, C., Katus, H. A., Kroon, A. A., Leclercq, C., Lovic, D., Lurbe, E., Manolis, A. J., McDonagh, T. A., Messerli, F., Muiesan, M. L., Nixdorff, U., Olsen, M. H., Parati, G., Perk, J., Piepoli, M. F., Polonia, J., Ponikowski, P., Richter, D. J., Rimoldi, S. F., Roffi, M., Sattar, N., Seferovic, P. M., Simpson, I. A., Sousa-Uva, M., Stanton, A. V., van de Borne, P., Vardas, P., Volpe, M., Wassmann, S., Windecker, S., Zamorano, J. L., Windecker, S., Aboyans, V., Agewall, S., Barbato, E., Bueno, H., Coca, A., Collet, J.-P., Coman, I. M., Dean, V., Delgado, V., Fitzsimons, D., Gaemperli, O., Hindricks, G., Iung, B., Jüni, P., Katus, H. A., Knuuti, J., Lancellotti, P., Leclercq, C., McDonagh, T. A., Piepoli, M. F., Ponikowski, P., Richter, D. J., Roffi, M., Shlyakhto, E., Simpson, I. A., Sousa-Uva, M., Zamorano, J. L., Tsioufis, C., Lurbe, E., Kreutz, R., Bochud, M., Rosei, E. A., Jelakovic, B., Azizi, M., Januszewics, A., Kahan, T., Polonia, J., van de Borne, P., Williams, B., Borghi, C., Mancia, G., Parati, G., Clement, D. L., Coca, A., Manolis, A., Lovic, D., Benkhedda, S., Zelveian, P., Siostrzonek, P., Najafov, R., Pavlova, O., De Pauw, M., Dizdarevic-Hudic, L., Raev, D., Karpettas, N., Linhart, A., Olsen, M. H., Shaker, A. F., Viigimaa, M., Metsärinne, K., Vavlukis, M., Halimi, J.-M., Pagava, Z., Schunkert, H., Thomopoulos, C., Páll, D., Andersen, K., Shechter, M., Mercuro, G., Bajraktari, G., Romanova, T., Trušinskis, K., Saade, G. A., Sakalyte, G., Noppe, S., DeMarco, D. C., Caraus, A., Wittekoek, J., Aksnes, T. A., Jankowski, P., Polonia, J., Vinereanu, D., Baranova, E. I., Foscoli, M., Dikic, A. D., Filipova, S., Fras, Z., Bertomeu-Martínez, V., Carlberg, B., Burkard, T., Sdiri, W., Aydogdu, S., Sirenko, Y., Brady, A., Weber, T., Lazareva, I., Backer, T. D., Sokolovic, S., Jelakovic, B., Widimsky, J., Viigimaa, M., Pörsti, I., Denolle, T., Krämer, B. K., Stergiou, G. S., Parati, G., Trušinskis, K., Miglinas, M., Gerdts, E., Tykarski, A., de Carvalho Rodrigues, M., Dorobantu, M., Chazova, I., Lovic, D., Filipova, S., Brguljan, J., Segura, J., Gottsäter, A., Pechère-Bertschi, A., Erdine, S., Sirenko, Y., & Brady, A.
- Affiliations
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes (DE)
- Hospital Universitario 12 De Octubre (ES)
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- University College London (GB)
- University of Milano-Bicocca (IT)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies cardiovasculaires et métaboliques (FR)
- University of Duisburg-Essen (DE)
- Australian Museum (AU)
- Durham University (GB)
- University Hospital Heidelberg (DE)
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (ES)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (FR)
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- Danderyds sjukhus (SE)
- Université de Tours (FR)
- University of Lübeck (DE)
- Warsaw University of Technology (PL)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes (FR)
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano (IT)
- ORCID
- Spiering, Wilko
- Burnier, Michel
- Dominiczak, Anna
- Mahfoud, Felix
- Ruilope, Luis
- Zanchetti, Alberto
- Kjeldsen, Sverre E
- Lip, Gregory Y H
- McManus, Richard
- Narkiewicz, Krzysztof
- Ruschitzka, Frank
- Schmieder, Roland E
- Heagerty, Anthony M
- Boutouyrie, Pierre
- Caiani, Enrico G
- Cífková, Renata
- Cleland, John G F
- Dendale, Paul
- Ferrini, Marc
- Grassi, Guido
- Haller, Hermann
- Jennings, Catriona
- Kroon, Abraham A
- Messerli, Franz
- Nixdorff, Uwe
- Sattar, Naveed
- Stanton, Alice V
- Vardas, Panos
- Volpe, Massimo
- Wassmann, Sven
- Barbato, Emanuele
- Fitzsimons, Donna
- Hindricks, Gerhard
- Iung, Bernard
- Jüni, Peter
- Knuuti, Juhani
- Lancellotti, Patrizio
- Benkhedda, Salim
- Zelveian, Parounak
- Siostrzonek, Peter
- Najafov, Ruslan
- Vavlukis, Marija
- Halimi, Jean-Michel
- Pagava, Zurab
- Schunkert, Heribert
- Thomopoulos, Costas
- Páll, Dénes
- Andersen, Karl
- Shechter, Michael
- Mercuro, Giuseppe
- Bajraktari, Gani
- Saade, Georges A
- Jankowski, Piotr
- Burkard, Thilo
- Sdiri, Wissem
- Weber, Thomas
- Pörsti, Ilkka
- Denolle, Thierry
- Krämer, Bernhard K
- Stergiou, George S
- Miglinas, Marius
- Gerdts, Eva
- Tykarski, Andrzej
- Segura, Julian
- Gottsäter, Anders
- Erdine, Serap
- Venue
- European Heart Journal
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2018-08-25
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 33
- Pages
- 3021-3104
- ISSN
- 0195-668X (ISSN-L)
- 1522-9645
- OpenAlex
- W2888589263
- Semantic Scholar
- 809f4ca069533b56687ea37ea638a51a2027cc0f
- Cited by
- 10,286
- References
- 657
- Citations by year
- 2026: 514 · 2025: 836 · 2024: 1249 · 2023: 1583 · 2022: 1646 · 2021: 1683 · 2020: 1552 · 2019: 1052 · 2018: 138 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 837.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- European Heart Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Universitätsbibliographie, Universität Duisburg-Essen (submittedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Sociedad Española de Cardiología
- British Cardiovascular Society
- Società Italiana dell'Ipertensione Arteriosa
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0611-10273, NIHR-RP-02-12-015, 12/01/52, NF-SI-0509-10222, IS-SPC-0514-10043, NF-SI-0514-10011)
- Egyptian Society of Cardiology
- Société Française de Cardiologie
- Société Française d’Hypertension Artérielle
- Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie-Herz und Kreislaufforschung.
- Slovenská Kardiologická Spoločnost
- Österreichische Kardiologische Gesellschaft
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia
- Medical Research Council (MC_PC_13090)
- Hellenic Society of Cardiology
- Suomen Kardiologinen Seura
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Keywords
- hypertension, antihypertensive therapy, blood pressure targets, cardiovascular risk
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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