The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 18 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Boston Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury–Lifetime (BAT-L) Semistructured Interview: Evidence of Research Utility and Validity
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Report the prevalence of lifetime and military-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans and validate the Boston Assessment of TBI-Lifetime (BAT-L). SETTING: The BAT-L is the first validated, postcombat, semistructured clinical interview to characterize head injuries and diagnose TBIs throughout the life span. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling convenience sample of 131 OEF/OIF veterans. DESIGN: TBI criteria (alteration of mental status, posttraumatic amnesia, and loss of consciousness) were evaluated for all possible TBIs, including a novel evaluation of blast exposure. MAIN MEASURES: BAT-L, Ohio State University TBI Identification Method (OSU-TBI-ID). RESULTS: About 67% of veterans incurred a TBI in their lifetime. Almost 35% of veterans experienced at least 1 military-related TBI; all were mild in severity, 40% of them were due to blast, 50% were due to some other (ie, blunt) mechanism, and 10% were due to both types of injuries. Predeployment TBIs were frequent (45% of veterans). There was strong correspondence between the BAT-L and the OSU-TBI-ID (Cohen κ = 0.89; Kendall τ-b = 0.95). Interrater reliability of the BAT-L was strong (κs >0.80). CONCLUSIONS: The BAT-L is a valid instrument with which to assess TBI across a service member's lifetime and captures the varied and complex nature of brain injuries across OEF/OIF veterans' life span.
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“our use of validated, semistructured diagnostic interviews (i., BAT-L [18], Clinician Administered PTSD Scale [20], SCID-I [19]) assured that Veterans met eligibility criteria and allowed comprehensive assessment of their mental and physical health.”
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Cites
Mild traumatic brain injury in U.S. soldiers returning from Iraq
Hoge, C. W., McGurk, D., Thomas, J. L., Cox, A. L., Engel, C. C., & Castro, C. A. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa072972 · Cited by 2,775
Guskiewicz, K. M., McCrea, M., Marshall, S. W., Cantu, R. C., Randolph, C., Barr, W., Onate, J. A., & Kelly, J. P. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.19.2549 · Cited by 1,712
Initial Reliability and Validity of the Ohio State University TBI Identification Method
Corrigan, J. D., & Bogner, J. (2007) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/01.htr.0000300227.67748.77 · Cited by 816
Traumatic Brain Injury Screening
Terrio, H. P., Brenner, L. A., Ivins, B. J., Cho, J. M., Helmick, K. M., Schwab, K. A., Scally, K., Bretthauer, R., & Warden, D. L. (2009) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0b013e31819581d8 · Cited by 769
Schneiderman, A., Braver, E. R., & Kang, H. K. (2008) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwn068 · Cited by 748
DePalma, R. G., Burris, D., Champion, H. R., & Hodgson, M. J. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra042083 · Cited by 732
Detection of Blast-Related Traumatic Brain Injury in U.S. Military Personnel
Mac Donald, C. L., Johnson, A. M., Cooper, D., Nelson, E. C., Werner, N. J., Shimony, J. S., Snyder, A. Z., Raichle, M. E., Witherow, J. R., Fang, R., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1008069 · Cited by 599
Characterization of Extremity Wounds in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom
Owens, B. D., Kragh, J. F., Macaitis, J. M., Svoboda, S. J., & Wenke, J. C. (2007) · Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma · doi:10.1097/bot.0b013e31802f78fb · Cited by 538
Ruff, R. M., Iverson, G. L., Barth, J. T., Bush, S. S., & Broshek, D. K. (2009) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acp006 · Cited by 486
Blast-Related Traumatic Brain Injury: What Is Known?
Taber, K. H., Warden, D. L., & Hurley, R. A. (2006) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.2006.18.2.141 · Cited by 435
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Manley, G. T., Dams-O’Connor, K., Alosco, M. L., Awwad, H. O., Bazarian, J. J., Bragge, P., Corrigan, J. D., Doperalski, A. E., Ferguson, A. R., Donald, C. L. M., et al. (2025) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(25)00154-1 · Cited by 237
Lippa, S. M., Fonda, J. R., Fortier, C. B., Amick, M. A., Kenna, A., Milberg, W. P., & McGlinchey, R. E. (2015) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21979 · Cited by 156
Self-citationScreening for Traumatic Brain Injury
Dams-O’Connor, K., Cantor, J. B., Brown, M., Dijkers, M. P. J. M., Spielman, L. A., & Gordon, W. A. (2014) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000099 · Cited by 164
McGlinchey, R. E., Milberg, W., Fonda, J. R., & Fortier, C. B. (2017) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1556 · Cited by 139
Self-citationLindemer, E., Salat, D. H., Leritz, E. C., McGlinchey, R. E., & Milberg, W. (2013) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2013.04.009 · Cited by 116
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fortier, C. B., Amick, M. M., Grande, L., McGlynn, S., Kenna, A., Morra, L., Clark, A., Milberg, W. P., & McGlinchey, R. E.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 89-98
- ISSN
- 0885-9701 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3997066
- OpenAlex
- W2083910073
- Cited by
- 193
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10
- FWCI
- 9.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (K01AG024898, K23AG034258)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- traumatic brain injury, semi-structured interviews, military veterans, Operation Enduring Freedom, Iraq War, blast exposure, inter-rater reliability, instrument validation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blast Injuries, Boston, Brain Injuries, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychometrics, Veterans, Reproducibility of Results, Biomedical Research, Iraq War, 2003-2011, Young Adult, Afghan Campaign 2001-
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