CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 11Infectious Encephalopathies and EncephalitisBacterial Infections and VaccinesAdrenal Hormones and Disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Endocrinologic Dysfunctions and Neuropsychiatric Sequelae in Pediatric Patients With a History of Central Nervous System Infection (ENDLESS): A Prospective Monocentric Study

Open access
Sodero, Giorgio, Cipolla, Clelia, Camporesi, Anna, Martino, Laura, Costa, Simonetta, Cannioto, Zemira, Frassanito, Paolo, Tamburrini, Gianpiero, Veredice, Chiara, Maggio, Luca, Munblit, Daniel, Raffaelli, Francesca, Piastra, Marco, Zampino, Giuseppe, Valentini, Piero, Buonsenso, Danilo·2025·Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
DOI 10.1097/inf.0000000000004645PMC PMC11888822
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Central nervous system (CNS) infections represent some of the most critical pediatric health challenges, characterized by high mortality rates and a notable risk of long-term complications. Despite their significance, standardized guidelines for endocrinological follow-up of CNS infection survivors are lacking, leading to reliance on the expertise of individual centers and clinicians. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective monocentric observational study conducted at the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli in Rome, Italy. It included patients with a history of CNS infection, admitted to various pediatric departments of the hospital. The participants were selected based on a coded diagnosis of CNS infection and had completed their follow-up at the Pediatric Endocrinology Day Hospital after October 2019. RESULTS: Eighty participants were included, comprising 53 patients with a prior CNS infection and 27 healthy controls, with a median age of 7.4 years (range 3.6-12.3 years). Endocrinologic alterations were detected in 13 patients, with 8 cases in those who had meningitis, 4 in encephalitis survivors, and 1 in a patient with a cerebral abscess. Patients with a history of CNS infections were shorter compared with healthy controls ( P = 0.027). Moreover, those who had meningitis exhibited an increased risk of developing epilepsy ( P = 0.01), neurosensory disabilities ( P = 0.034) and the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion ( P = 0.006). Patients with bacterial CNS infections were more prone to neurosensory and endocrine dysfunctions compared to those with viral or other infections. Significant differences were observed in hormone levels between previously infected patients and controls, specifically in TSH ( P < 0.001), ACTH ( P = <0.001), and cortisol ( P = 0.019). IGF-1 levels were considerably lower in the infection group, both in absolute terms and when adjusted for sex and age ( P < 0.001). The regression analysis suggested that the reduction in IGF-1 was more pronounced the earlier the CNS infection occurred, irrespective of infection type. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found several endocrinologic imbalances in children who survived CNS infections.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1097/inf.0000000000004645

Cites

31 of 31 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In Srinivas et al.'s study, 46% of patients showed low cortisol levels and 14% had reduced ACTH values during the follow-up period.

    “Additionally, 46% of patients showed low cortisol levels and 14% had reduced ACTH values during the follow-up period [51].”

    From Endocrine Dysfunctions After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Present Insights and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [51]

    The Results report differences in cortisol and ACTH levels between previously infected patients and controls, but do not report that 46% had low cortisol or 14% had reduced ACTH during follow-up. The Discussion says ACTH levels were lower than controls yet remained within the normal range for age. Searches for the percentages and for Srinivas did not locate those figures in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In Srinivas et al.'s study, ACTH elevation was significantly more frequent in children with fronto-temporal lesions (63% vs. 13%), while a similar but nonsignificant trend was seen for cortisol (63% versus 40%).

    “ACTH elevation was significantly more frequent in children with fronto-temporal lesions (63% vs. 13%), while a similar but nonsignificant trend was seen for cortisol (63% versus 40%).”

    From Endocrine Dysfunctions After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Present Insights and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [51]

    The Results compare hormone levels by CNS infection history and type, while the Discussion reports lower ACTH levels in previously infected children than in controls. Neither section reports ACTH or cortisol elevation by fronto-temporal lesion status, the stated percentages, or a Srinivas et al. finding; searches for those terms and numbers found no matching passage. The different comparison in this paper does not establish that the claimed lesion-specific result is false. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In a prospective study, Srinivas et al. evaluated 37 children with severe TBI at 1, 3, and 7 days post-injury; initial ACTH and cortisol levels were elevated on day 1 but returned to normal by days 3 and 7.

    “In a prospective study, Srinivas et al. evaluated 37 children with severe TBI at 1, 3, and 7 days post-injury. Initial ACTH and cortisol levels were elevated on day 1 but returned to normal by days 3 and 7.”

    From Endocrine Dysfunctions After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Present Insights and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [51]

    The Results describe children with prior CNS infection, and the Discussion addresses ACTH and cortisol in that setting. Searches for Srinivas, severe TBI, 37 children, and hormone measurements on days 1, 3, and 7 found no passage reporting the attributed study or its findings. (LLM, conf=0.77)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In Srinivas et al.'s study, elevated cortisol was less common in children with the most severe injuries (GCS 3-4).

    “Interestingly, elevated cortisol was less common in children with the most severe injuries (GCS 3-4).”

    From Endocrine Dysfunctions After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Present Insights and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [51]

    The Results compare cortisol levels by type and cause of CNS infection, not by injury severity. Searches for GCS 3–4 and Srinivas found no passage in our copy addressing whether elevated cortisol was less common in children with the most severe injuries; page numbers were unavailable. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Chevenne, 1995, Hormone de croissance (GH) et insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF 1) dans les états nutritionnels [Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in nutritional status]., Ann Biol Clin (Paris), 53, 527

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Metadata

Authors
Sodero, G., Cipolla, C., Camporesi, A., Martino, L., Costa, S., Cannioto, Z., Frassanito, P., Tamburrini, G., Veredice, C., Maggio, L., Munblit, D., Raffaelli, F., Piastra, M., Zampino, G., Valentini, P., & Buonsenso, D.
Affiliations
  • Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic (IT)
  • Ospedale dei Bambini Vittore Buzzi (IT)
  • Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
  • Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo-Forlanini (IT)
  • Sechenov University (RU)
Corresponding author
  • Sodero, Giorgio
  • Cipolla, Clelia
  • Martino, Laura
  • Veredice, Chiara
  • Zampino, Giuseppe
  • Valentini, Piero
  • Buonsenso, Danilo
ORCID
Venue
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2024-12-24
Volume
44
Issue
4
Pages
310-317
ISSN
  • 0891-3668 (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-0987
DOI
10.1097/inf.0000000000004645
PMC
PMC11888822
OpenAlex
W4405897731
Cited by
11
References
31
Citations by year
2025: 11
FWCI
3.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubliCatt (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Keywords
central nervous system infection, pediatric meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess, endocrine dysfunction, neuropsychiatric sequelae, growth hormone deficiency, insulin-like growth factor I, thyroid-stimulating hormone, ACTH, cortisol, epilepsy, neurosensory disability, ventriculoperitoneal shunt, long-term follow-up
MeSH terms
Mental Disorders, Central Nervous System Infections, Child, Child, Preschool, Endocrine System Diseases, Female, Humans, Italy, Male, Prospective Studies

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review