The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The descriptive epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae nasopharyngeal carriage in children and adults in Kilifi district, Kenya.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Transmission and nasopharyngeal colonization are necessary steps en route to invasive pneumococcal or Haemophilus influenzae disease but their patterns vary geographically. In East Africa we do not know how these pathogens are transmitted between population subgroups nor which serotypes circulate commonly. METHODS: We did 2 cross-sectional nasopharyngeal swab surveys selecting subjects randomly from a population register to estimate prevalence and risk-factors for carriage in 2004. H. influenzae type b vaccine was introduced in 2001. RESULTS: Of 450 individuals sampled in the dry season, 414 were resampled during the rainy season. Among subjects 0-4, 5-9, and 10-85 years old pneumococcal carriage prevalence was 57%, 41%, and 6.4%, respectively. H. influenzae prevalence was 26%, 24%, and 3.0%, respectively. Prevalence of H. influenzae type b in children <5 years was 1.7%. Significant risk factors for pneumococcal carriage were rainy season (odds ratio [OR]: 1.65), coryza (OR: 2.29), and coculture of noncapsulate H. influenzae (OR: 7.46). Coryza was also a risk factor for H. influenzae carriage (OR: 1.90). Of 128 H. influenzae isolates, 113 were noncapsulate. Among 279 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 40 serotypes were represented and the distribution of serotypes varied significantly with age; 7-valent vaccine-types, vaccine-related types, and nonvaccine types comprised 47%, 19%, and 34% of strains from children aged <5 years. Among older persons they comprised 25%, 28%, and 47%, respectively (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that pneumococcal carriage is common up to 9 years of age and that the majority of serotypes carried at all ages are not covered specifically by the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
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“Of course it is known that there is a positive association between the colonization of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae, and colonization is a prerequisite for disease, so the presence of such co-infection fits with current knowledge (Jacoby et al., 2007; Abdullahi et al., 2008).”
From Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics (2017) · cites this paper as Abdullahi et al., 2008
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Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children
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Bacteremia among Children Admitted to a Rural Hospital in Kenya
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Immunogenicity and Impact on Nasopharyngeal Carriage of a Nonavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
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PCR for capsular typing of Haemophilus influenzae
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Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics
Morris, D. E., Cleary, D. W., & Clarke, S. C. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01041 · Cited by 576
Association of Serotype with Risk of Death Due to Pneumococcal Pneumonia: A Meta‐Analysis
Weinberger, D. M., Harboe, Z. B., Sanders, E. A. M., Ndiritu, M., Klugman, K. P., Rückinger, S., Dagan, R., Adegbola, R. A., Cutts, F. T., Johnson, H. L., et al. (2010) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/655828 · Cited by 343
Flasche, S., van Hoek, A. J., Sheasby, E., Waight, P., Andrews, N. J., Sheppard, C. L., George, R. C., & Miller, E. (2011) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001017 · Cited by 277
Adegbola, R. A., DeAntonio, R., Hill, P. C., Roca, A., Usuf, E. A., Hoet, B., & Greenwood, B. M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103293 · Cited by 207
Song, J. Y., Nahm, M. H., & Moseley, M. A. (2013) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2013.28.1.4 · Cited by 197
Metadata
- Authors
- Abdullahi, O., Nyiro, J., Lewa, P., Slack, M., & Scott, J. A. G.
- Affiliations
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KE)
- Health Protection Agency (GB)
- John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Abdullahi, Osman
- Nyiro, Joyce
- Scott, J Anthony G.
- Venue
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 59-64
- ISSN
- 0891-3668 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2382474
- OpenAlex
- W2054748013
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 6.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (061089, 081835)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
- Keywords
- Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, nasopharyngeal carriage, pneumococcal serotypes, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, common cold, seasonal variation, risk factors for carriage, invasive pneumococcal disease, Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Carrier State, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Haemophilus Infections, Haemophilus influenzae, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Kenya, Male, Middle Aged, Nasopharynx, Pneumococcal Infections, Risk Factors, Serotyping, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Prevalence
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