Evidence-based psychotherapies for depression
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This article briefly reviews the advantages and limitations of empirically validated psychotherapies for depression, which constitute important alternatives to somatic antidepressant treatments. METHODS: Medical literature review. RESULTS: The author describes the theories and techniques underlying cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), behavioral therapy, and other therapies, as well as their use in individual, group, and alternative formats. CONCLUSION: The author argues that psychotherapies have been underused as antidepressant treatments relative to pharmacotherapies.
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Strategies such as distraction or reappraisal feature prominently in treating acute phase depression.
“This inhibition is understandable given that strategies such as distraction or reappraisal feature prominently in treating acute phase depression (Cuijpers et al., 2013, Markowitz, 2008).”
From Static and treatment-responsive brain biomarkers of depression relapse vulnerability following prophylactic psychotherapy: Evidence from a randomized control trial (2022) · cites this paper as Markowitz, 2008
Cites
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“Although behavioral techniques are typically combined with a cognitive approach, recent studies of behavioral activation,(25) a dismantling of CBT that employed only its behavioral component, have shown that it can have greater efficacy than cognitive therapy alone.(26) Other Therapies.”
MethodCost of Lost Productive Work Time Among US Workers With Depression
Stewart, W. F. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3135 · Cited by 1,421 · see citing works
Keller, M. B., McCullough, J. P., Klein, D. N., Arnow, B., Dunner, D. L., Gelenberg, A. J., Markowitz, J. C., Nemeroff, C. B., Russell, J. M., Thase, M. E., et al. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200005183422001 · Cited by 1,331 · see citing works
Self-citationThe quality of care for depressive and anxiety disorders in the United States
Young, A. S., Klap, R., Sherbourne, C. D., & Wells, K. B. (2001) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.1.55 · Cited by 1,061 · see citing works
Cognitive Therapy vs Medications in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Depression
DeRubeis, R. J., Hollon, S. D., Amsterdam, J. D., Shelton, R. C., Young, P. R., Salomon, R. M., O’Reardon, J. P., Lovett, M. L., Gladis, M. M., Brown, L. L., et al. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.4.409 · Cited by 989 · see citing works
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Job Performance Deficits Due to Depression
Adler, D. A., McLaughlin, T. J., Rogers, W. H., Chang, H., Lapitsky, L., & Lerner, D. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.9.1569 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Treatment and prevention of depression
Hollon, S. D., Thase, M. E., & Markowitz, J. C. (2002) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1111/1529-1006.00008 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Self-citationNational Survey of Psychotherapy Training in Psychiatry, Psychology, and Social Work
Weissman, M. M., Verdeli, H., Gameroff, M. J., Bledsoe, S. E., Betts, K., Mufson, L., Fitterling, H., & Wickramaratne, P. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.8.925 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Problem solving therapies for depression: A meta-analysis
Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A., & Warmerdam, L. (2007) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2006.11.001 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Browne, G., Steiner, M., Roberts, J., Gafni, A., Byrne, C., Dunn, E., Bell, B., Mills, M., Chalklin, L., Wallik, D., et al. (2002) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(01)00343-3 · Cited by 199 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Time-limited psychotherapies such as CBT and IPT have repeatedly demonstrated efficacy in a brief format, and may well repay their costs over time.(34,35) They may smooth difficulties and provide skills that forestall future depressive episodes, whereas pharmacotherapy works only as long as the patient continues to ta…”
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National trends in the treatment for depression from 1998 to 2007
Marcus, S. C., & Olfson, M. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.151 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Parikh, S. V., Segal, Z. V., Grigoriadis, S., Ravindran, A. V., Kennedy, S. H., Lam, R. W., & Patten, S. B. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.042 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Farb, N. A. S., Desormeau, P., Anderson, A. K., & Segal, Z. V. (2022) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102969 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Markowitz, J. C.
- Affiliations
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Markowitz, John C.
- ORCID
- Markowitz, John C.
- Venue
- Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 437-440
- ISSN
- 1076-2752 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2060104365
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- depression, psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, behavior therapy, antidepressants, group therapy
- MeSH terms
- Depression, Humans, Psychotherapy, Evidence-Based Medicine
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