Cited by 348Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and ProtectionPoisoning and overdose treatmentsLiver Disease and Transplantation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity and Acute Liver Failure

Chun, Linda J., Tong, Myron J., Busuttil, Ronald W., Hiatt, Jonathan R.·2009·Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology

Abstract

Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity is a common consequence of acetaminophen overdose and may lead to acute liver failure (ALF). Currently acetaminophen is the most common cause of ALF in both United States and United Kingdom, with a trend to increasing incidence in the United States. N-acetylcysteine is the most effective drug to prevent progression to liver failure with acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Liver transplantation is the only definitive therapy that will significantly increase the chances of survival for advanced ALF. This communication reviews current information regarding causes and management of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and ALF.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1097/mcg.0b013e31818a3854

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Paracetamol is a major cause of drug-induced acute liver failure and has been extensively studied for its liver damage.

    “Paracetamol is considered as one of the major causes for drug-induced ALF, and has been extensively studied for its liver damage. 3,4”
  • Paracetamol is metabolized to the reactive toxic metabolite NAPQI, with generation of reactive oxygen species that augment oxidative stress.

    “The mechanism behind paracetamol toxicity is mainly due to the reduction of hepatocyte GSH and increased CYP2E1 activity where paracetamol is metabolized to an extremely reactive toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) along with generation of reactive oxygen species in augmenting oxidative stress. 3,5,6”
  • Paracetamol toxicity is mainly due to reduction of hepatocyte GSH and increased CYP2E1 activity.

    “The mechanism behind paracetamol toxicity is mainly due to the reduction of hepatocyte GSH and increased CYP2E1 activity where paracetamol is metabolized to an extremely reactive toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) along with generation of reactive oxygen species in augmenting oxidative stress. 3,5,6”

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 65

  1. Lee, 1993, Acute liver failure, N Engl J Med, 329, 1862, 10.1056/NEJM199312163292508 · DOI
  2. Hoofnagle, 1995, Fulminant hepatic failure: summary of a workshop, Hepatology, 21, 240
  3. Larson, 2005, Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: results of a United States multicenter, prospective study, Hepatology, 42, 1364, 10.1002/hep.20948 · DOI
  4. Black, 1980, Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity, Gastroenterology, 78, 382, 10.1016/0016-5085(80)90593-4 · DOI
  5. Makin, 1997, Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity: predisposing factors and treatments, Adv Intern Med, 42, 453
  6. Lee, 2004, Acetaminophen and the U.S. Acute Liver Failure Study Group: lowering the risks of hepatic failure, Hepatology, 40, 6, 10.1002/hep.20293 · DOI
  7. Dargan, 2002, Acetaminophen poisoning: an update for the intensivist, Crit Care, 6, 108, 10.1186/cc1465 · DOI
  8. Larson, 2007, Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity, Clin Liver Dis, 11, 525, 10.1016/j.cld.2007.06.006 · DOI
  9. Rumack, 2002, Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: the first 35 years, J Toxicol Clin Toxicol, 40, 3, 10.1081/CLT-120002882 · DOI
  10. Nelson, 1990, Molecular mechanisms of the hepatotoxicity caused by acetaminophen, Semin Liver Dis, 10, 267, 10.1055/s-2008-1040482 · DOI
  11. Jaeschke, 2006, Intracellular signaling mechanisms of acetaminophen-induced liver cell death, Toxicol Sci, 89, 31, 10.1093/toxsci/kfi336 · DOI
  12. Jaeschke, 2003, The role of oxidant stress and reactive nitrogen species in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity, Toxicol Lett, 144, 279, 10.1016/S0378-4274(03)00239-X · DOI
  13. Liu, 2006, Role of innate immunity in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol, 2, 493, 10.1517/17425255.2.4.493 · DOI
  14. Nourjah, 2006, Estimates of acetaminophen (Paracetamol)-associated overdoses in the United States, Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Safety, 15, 398, 10.1002/pds.1191 · DOI
  15. Bernal, 2003, Changing patterns of causation and the use of transplantation in the United Kingdom, Semin Liver Dis, 23, 227, 10.1055/s-2003-42640 · DOI
  16. Lee, 2003, Acute liver failure in the United States, Semin Liver Dis, 23, 217, 10.1055/s-2003-42641 · DOI
  17. Ostapowicz, 2002, Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States, Ann Intern Med, 137, 947, 10.7326/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00007 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Bower, 2007, Population-based surveillance for acute liver failure, Am J Gastroenterol, 102, 2459, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01388.x · DOI
  19. Squires, 2006, Acute liver failure in children: the first 348 patients in the pediatric acute liver failure study group, J Pediatr, 148, 652, 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.12.051 · DOI
  20. Schiødt, 1997, Acetaminophen toxicity in an urban county hospital, N Engl J Med, 337, 1112, 10.1056/NEJM199710163371602 · DOI · Paper page
  21. Davern, 2006, Measurement of serum acetaminophen-protein adducts in patients with acute liver failure, Gastroenterology, 130, 687, 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.01.033 · DOI · Paper page
  22. James, 2006, Detection of acetaminophen protein adducts in children with acute liver failure of indeterminate cause, Pediatrics, 118, e676, 10.1542/peds.2006-0069 · DOI
  23. Schmidt, 2005, Age and paracetamol self-poisoning, Gut, 54, 686, 10.1136/gut.2004.054619 · DOI
  24. Bray, 1992, Long-term anticonvulsant therapy worsens outcome in paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure, Hum Exp Toxicol, 11, 265, 10.1177/096032719201100405 · DOI
  25. Whitcomb, 1994, Association of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity with fasting and ethanol use, JAMA, 272, 1845, 10.1001/jama.1994.03520230055038 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Zimmerman, 1995, Acetaminophen (paracetamol) hepatotoxicity with regular intake of alcohol: analysis of instances of therapeutic misadventure, Hepatology, 22, 767, 10.1002/hep.1840220312 · DOI
  27. Rumack, 2004, Acetaminophen misconceptions, Hepatology, 40, 10, 10.1002/hep.20300 · DOI
  28. Kuffner, 2001, Effect of maximal daily doses of acetaminophen on the liver of alcoholic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Arch Intern Med, 161, 2247, 10.1001/archinte.161.18.2247 · DOI
  29. Salgia, 1999, When acetaminophen use becomes toxic. Treating acute accidental and intentional overdose, Postgrad Med, 105, 81, 10.3810/pgm.1999.04.673 · DOI
  30. Jones, 1989, Hypophosphataemia and phosphaturia in paracetamol poisoning, Lancet, 2, 608, 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)90724-1 · DOI
  31. Harrison, 1991, Improvement by acetylcysteine of hemodynamics and oxygen transport in fulminant hepatic failure, N Engl J Med, 324, 1852, 10.1056/NEJM199106273242604 · DOI · Paper page
  32. Han, 2006, Advances in critical care management of hepatic failure and insufficiency, Crit Care Med, 34, S225, 10.1097/01.CCM.0000231882.85350.71 · DOI
  33. O'Grady, 1997, Paracetamol-induced acute liver failure: prevention and management, J Hepatol, 26, 41, 10.1016/S0168-8278(97)82332-X · DOI
  34. Clark, 1973, Disordered hemostasis in liver damage from paracetamol overdose, Gastroenterology, 65, 788, 10.1016/S0016-5085(19)33015-X · DOI
  35. Polson, 2005, AASLD position paper: the management of acute liver failure, Hepatology, 41, 1179, 10.1002/hep.20703 · DOI
  36. McClain, 1999, Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: an update, Curr Gastroenterol Rep, 1, 42, 10.1007/s11894-999-0086-3 · DOI
  37. Underhill, 1990, A comparison of the efficacy of gastric lavage, ipecacuanha and activated charcoal in the emergency management of paracetamol overdose, Arch Emerg Med, 7, 148, 10.1136/emj.7.3.148 · DOI
  38. Burkhart, 1995, Cimetidine as adjunctive treatment for acetaminophen overdose, Hum Exp Toxicol, 14, 299, 10.1177/096032719501400311 · DOI
  39. Smilkstein, 1988, Efficacy of oral N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. Analysis of the national multicenter study (1976 to 1985), N Engl J Med, 319, 1557, 10.1056/NEJM198812153192401 · DOI · Paper page
  40. Kozer, 2001, Management of paracetamol overdose: current controversies, Drug Safety, 24, 503, 10.2165/00002018-200124070-00003 · DOI
  41. Prescott, 1979, Intravenous N-acetylcysteine: the treatment of choice for paracetamol poisoning, Br Med J, 2, 1097, 10.1136/bmj.2.6198.1097 · DOI · Paper page
  42. Prescott, 1981, Treatment of severe acetaminophen poisoning with intravenous acetylcysteine, Arch Intern Med, 141, 386, 10.1001/archinte.1981.00340030118021 · DOI
  43. Rumack, 1981, Acetaminophen overdose. 662 cases with evaluation of oral acetylcysteine treatment, Arch Intern Med, 141, 380, 10.1001/archinte.1981.00340030112020 · DOI · Paper page
  44. Harrison, 1990, Improved outcome of paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure by late administration of acetylcysteine, Lancet, 335, 1572, 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91388-Q · DOI
  45. Keays, 1991, Intravenous acetylcysteine in paracetamol induced fulminant hepatic failure: a prospective controlled trial, BMJ, 303, 1026, 10.1136/bmj.303.6809.1026 · DOI
  46. Rowden, 2005, Updates on acetaminophen toxicity, Med Clin North Am, 89, 1145, 10.1016/j.mcna.2005.06.009 · DOI
  47. Schmidt, 2002, Effect of acetylcysteine on prothrombin index in paracetamol poisoning without hepatocellular injury, Lancet, 360, 1151, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11194-9 · DOI
  48. Pol, 2002, N-acetylcysteine for paracetamol poisoning: effect on prothrombin, Lancet, 360, 1115, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11238-4 · DOI
  49. Rinella, 2006, Intensive management of hepatic failure, Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 27, 241, 10.1055/s-2006-945528 · DOI
  50. Stravitz, 2007, Intensive care of patients with acute liver failure: recommendations of the U.S. Acute Liver Failure Study Group, Crit Care Med, 35, 2498, 10.1097/01.CCM.0000287592.94554.5F · DOI
  51. Demetriou, 2004, Prospective, randomized, multicenter, controlled trial of a bioartificial liver in treating acute liver failure, Ann Surg, 239, 660, 10.1097/01.sla.0000124298.74199.e5 · DOI
  52. Barshes, 2005, Support for the acutely failing liver: a comprehensive review of historic and contemporary strategies, J Am Coll Surg, 201, 458, 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.04.007 · DOI
  53. Doria, 2006, Fulminant hepatic failure bridged to liver transplantation with a molecular adsorbent recirculating system: a single-center experience, Dig Dis Sci, 51, 47, 10.1007/s10620-006-3115-1 · DOI
  54. Wai, 2007, MARS: a futile tool in centres without active liver transplant support, Liver Int, 27, 69, 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2006.01388.x · DOI
  55. Sullivan, 2008, Early data suggests merits of liver assist device, Am Coll Surg: Surg News, 4, 19
  56. Farmer, 2003, Liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure: experience with more than 200 patients over a 17-year period, Ann Surg, 237, 666, 10.1097/01.SLA.0000064365.54197.9E · DOI
  57. Russo, 2004, Liver transplantation for acute liver failure from drug induced liver injury in the United States, Liver Transplantation, 10, 1018, 10.1002/lt.20204 · DOI · Paper page
  58. Bernal, 1998, Use and outcome of liver transplantation in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure, Hepatology, 27, 1050, 10.1002/hep.510270421 · DOI
  59. Anand, 1997, Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure: an assessment of the King's criteria, J Hepatol, 26, 62, 10.1016/S0168-8278(97)80010-4 · DOI
  60. Bernal, 2002, Blood lactate as an early predictor of outcome in paracetamol-induced acute liver failure: a cohort study, Lancet, 359, 558, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07743-7 · DOI
  61. Bailey, 2003, Fulminant hepatic failure secondary to acetaminophen poisoning: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic criteria determining the need for liver transplantation, Crit Care Med, 31, 299, 10.1097/00003246-200301000-00048 · DOI
  62. Schmidt, 2006, Prognostic implications of hyperlactatemia, multiple organ failure, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure, Crit Care Med, 34, 337, 10.1097/01.CCM.0000194724.70031.B6 · DOI
  63. Mahadevan, 2006, Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity, Arch Dis Child, 91, 598, 10.1136/adc.2005.076836 · DOI
  64. Makin, 1995, A 7-year experience of severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity (1987-1993), Gastroenterology, 109, 1907, 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90758-0 · DOI
  65. Harrison, 1990, Serial prothrombin time as prognostic indicator in paracetamol induced fulminant hepatic failure, BMJ, 301, 964, 10.1136/bmj.301.6758.964 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Chun, L. J., Tong, M. J., Busuttil, R. W., & Hiatt, J. R.
Affiliations
  • Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • Plastic Surgery Hospital (CN)
Corresponding author
Chun, Linda J.
Venue
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
Published
2009-04
Volume
43
Issue
4
Pages
342-349
ISSN
0192-0790 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2067570070
Cited by
348
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 31
FWCI
3.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Poisoning and overdose treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease and Transplantation
Keywords
paracetamol, hepatotoxicity, acute liver failure, acetaminophen overdose, N-acetylcysteine, liver transplantation, drug-induced liver injury, incidence trends
MeSH terms
Acetaminophen, Acetylcysteine, Adult, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, United States, Liver Transplantation, Liver Failure, Acute, Drug Overdose, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review