Dietary protein and blood glucose control
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review presents the different pathways by which protein and amino acid impact glucose control. The review more particularly discusses the contradictory effects reported in the literature on the involvement of amino acid on glucose production and in insulin secretion and sensitivity. RECENT FINDINGS: Some recent findings allow a better understanding of the direct and indirect mechanisms involved in the insulinotropic activity of some amino acids in pancreatic β-cell and in the production of glucose through liver gluconeogenesis that participates to improve the control of glycemia. In contrast, the potential deleterious effects of branched chain amino acid, and particularly leucine, hypothesized in previous publications, have been discussed in some recent publications. SUMMARY: These processes are of high clinical relevance since the role of protein and amino acid have been repeatedly discussed to improve insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes patients or in weight management strategy in overweight and obese individuals. In addition, whether blood amino acid could be used as biomarkers for the risk of type 2 diabetes needs to be discussed.
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Consuming more protein can improve the body's glucose and insulin responses when consuming glucose, but there is disagreement on this matter.
“A recent study indicates that consuming more protein can improve the body’s glucose and insulin responses when consuming glucose. However, there is some disagreement on this matter [104, 105].”
Cites
Regulation of Insulin Secretion in Human Pancreatic Islets
Rorsman, P., & Braun, M. (2013) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183754 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Protein choices targeting thermogenesis and metabolism
Acheson, K. J., Blondel-Lubrano, A., Oguey-Araymon, S., Beaumont, M., Emady-Azar, S., Ammon-Zufferey, C., Monnard, I., Pinaud, S., Nielsen-Moennoz, C., & Bovetto, L. (2011) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.005850 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
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First-phase insulin secretion: can its evaluation direct therapeutic approaches?
Di Giuseppe, G., Ciccarelli, G., Soldovieri, L., Capece, U., Cefalo, C. M. A., Moffa, S., Nista, E. C., Brunetti, M., Cinti, F., Gasbarrini, A., et al. (2023) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2023.02.001 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Muhammed Saeed, A. A., Noreen, S., Awlqadr, F. H., Farooq, M. I., Qadeer, M., Rai, N., Farag, H. A., & Saeed, M. N. (2025) · Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s41043-025-00899-y · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“However, there is some disagreement on this matter [104, 105].”
- Authors
- Azzout-Marniche, D., Gaudichon, C., & Tomé, D.
- Affiliations
- AgroParisTech (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Tomé, Daniel
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 349-354
- ISSN
- 1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2315086332
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- dietary protein, amino acids, glycemic control, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, gluconeogenesis, pancreatic beta cells, branched-chain amino acids, leucine, type 2 diabetes, obesity, weight management, amino acid biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, Animals, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Proteins, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Insulin, Postprandial Period, Insulin-Secreting Cells
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