Lipid metabolism in critical illness
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article describes recent findings regarding lipid metabolism in critical illness as well as in lipid therapy. RECENT FINDINGS: In critical illness, in the presence of a decrease in lipid absorption, adipose tissue lipolysis raises triglyceride levels. High-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein are decreased because of impairment of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, mainly in sepsis. In septic patients, lipid profile may be a predictor of survival. Nonsurvivors have lower levels of high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein. In metabolomic studies, most of the changes from baseline in septic patients were related to lipid metabolism. Lysophosphatidylcholine was also significantly lower in nonsurviving septic patients. SUMMARY: Lipid profile results are too often neglected by the clinician despite increasing knowledge in the modifications related to septic state as well as the importance of these values in the prognosis of the critically ill. Lipid administration (enterally or parenterally) should be guided by better knowledge of the lipid metabolism of the patient.
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Fat absorption is impaired in critical illness.
“Fat absorption is impaired in critically illness (196).”
From ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. (2019) · cites this paper as [196]
Low plasma triglyceride levels and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are associated with improved survival.
“Lipid metabolism is modified in critical illness and low plasma triglyceride levels and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are associated with improved survival [72].”
From ESPEN practical and partially revised guideline: Clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit (2023) · cites this paper as [72]
Lipid metabolism is modified in critical illness.
“Lipid metabolism is modified in critical illness and low plasma triglyceride levels and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are associated with improved survival [72].”
From ESPEN practical and partially revised guideline: Clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit (2023) · cites this paper as [72]
Cites
Changes in the concentration and composition of plasma lipoproteins during the acute phase response
Carpentier, Y. A., & Scruel, O. (2002) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/00075197-200203000-00006 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
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ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit.
Singer, P., Blaser, A. R., Berger, M. M., Alhazzani, W., Calder, P. C., Casaer, M. P., Hiesmayr, M., Mayer, K., Montejo, J. C., Pichard, C., et al. (2019) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.037 · Cited by 2,904 · see citing works
Self-citationESPEN practical and partially revised guideline: Clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit
Singer, P., Blaser, A. R., Berger, M. M., Calder, P. C., Casaer, M., Hiesmayr, M., Mayer, K., Montejo-Gonzalez, J. C., Pichard, C., Preiser, J.-C., et al. (2023) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.07.011 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Green, P., Theilla, M., & Singer, P.
- Affiliations
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Singer, Pierre
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
- Published
- 2016-03
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 111-115
- ISSN
- 1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2411387333
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 7.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Keywords
- lipid metabolism, critical illness, sepsis, lipid therapy, lipolysis, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, prognosis, survival prediction, metabolomics, lysophosphatidylcholine, fat absorption, enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Docosahexaenoic Acids, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Prognosis, Triglycerides, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Critical Illness, Sepsis, Lipid Metabolism
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