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Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in chronic kidney disease: update on prevalence, outcomes, risk factors and nutrition treatment
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes literature from the last 18 months reporting on sarcopenia (or its components) in chronic kidney disease (CKD). RECENT FINDINGS: The prevalence of sarcopenia in CKD is reported to be 5-62.5%, with higher rates observed later in the disease. Sarcopenic obesity rates are reported to be 2-23%. Sarcopenia in CKD is associated with increased risk of mortality, cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification. Risk factors include kidney disease itself and the impacts of CKD on lifestyle (reduced physical activity, diet changes). In earlier stages of CKD, if the risks from sarcopenia outweigh the risk of reaching end-stage renal disease, ensuring adequate energy intake combined with modest protein liberalization and physical activity may be indicated. Protein intakes above 1.3 g/kg of body weight per day should be avoided. For dialysis patients, interventions that provide a combination of carbohydrate, protein and fat appear more effective than those that provide protein alone, though it may take as long as 48 weeks for detectable changes in muscle mass. SUMMARY: Sarcopenia is prevalent in CKD as kidney disease significantly impacts muscle mass and function. Nutrition interventions can improve components of sarcopenia, with an emphasis on adequate energy and protein.
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High total and central body adiposity contribute to sarcopenia through a bi-directional relationship with reduced physical activity and unbalanced diet in chronic kidney disease patients.
“As mentioned by Barreto Silva et al., high total and central body adiposity contribute to sarcopenia through a bi-directional relationship with reduced physical activity and unbalanced diet in these patients [33].”
From Identification of factors associated with sarcopenic obesity development: Literature review and expert panel voting (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
In chronic kidney disease, even if the SO prevalence is lower than that of sarcopenia, patients are also at risk of SO.
“In chronic kidney disease, even if the SO prevalence is lower than that of sarcopenia, patients are also at risk of SO.”
From Identification of factors associated with sarcopenic obesity development: Literature review and expert panel voting (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Barreto Silva, M. I., Picard, K., & Klein, M. R. S. T.
- Affiliations
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care
- Published
- 2022-08-30
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 371-377
- ISSN
- 1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-6519
- OpenAlex
- W4293568629
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12
- FWCI
- 1.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, chronic kidney disease, prevalence, mortality, cardiovascular disease, vascular calcification, risk factors, protein intake, energy intake, physical activity, dialysis, nutrition interventions, muscle mass
- MeSH terms
- Carbohydrates, Humans, Obesity, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Sarcopenia
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