Hospital preparedness and response in CBRN emergencies: TIER assessment tool
Abstract
Introduction: Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) emergencies need particular hospital preparedness and resources availability. Also, specific skills and capabilities are required for efficient response to these types of events. The aim of this study was to develop an assessment tool to evaluate hospital preparedness and response performance with respect to CBRN emergencies. Methods: An evaluation tool was developed using the Delphi technique. A panel of experts from 10 countries, both European and non-European, with more than 5 years of experience in research or practice in CBRN emergency management was involved in this study. The study was run online, and the experts were asked to evaluate a list of items on hospital preparedness and response in CBRN emergencies. A threshold of 85% agreement level was defined as the consensus of experts in this study. Results: The first-round questionnaire was answered by 13 experts. Consensus on the preparedness section was reached for all 29 items during the first round and one item was also added by the experts. Consensus on the response performance indicators were reached in 51 out of the 59 items, during the first round, and eight items were modified and then approved in the second round by the experts. Conclusion: Hospitals need a specific level of preparedness to enable an effective response to CBRN emergencies. The assessment tool, developed through experts’ consensus in this study, provides a standardized method for the evaluation of hospital preparedness and response performance with respect to CBRN emergencies. The feasibility and reliability of this assessment tool could be evaluated before and during simulated exercises in a standardized manner.
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Other evaluation tools such as the Hospital Preparedness Assessment Tool (HPAT) and the Emergency Management Program Guidebook for Hospitals have shown promise in assessing hospital preparedness.
“Apart from the HSI, other evaluation tools such as the Hospital Preparedness Assessment Tool (HPAT) and the Emergency Management Program Guidebook for Hospitals have also shown promise in assessing hospital preparedness.”
From Hospital Disaster Preparedness: A Comprehensive Evaluation Using the Hospital Safety Index (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
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Hospital Disaster Preparedness: A Comprehensive Evaluation Using the Hospital Safety Index
Goniewicz, M., Khorram-Manesh, A., Timler, D., Al-Wathinani, A. M., & Goniewicz, K. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su151713197 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Olivieri, C., Ingrassia, P. L., Della Corte, F., Carenzo, L., Sapori, J.-M., Gabilly, L., Segond, F., Grieger, F., Arnod-Prin, P., Larrucea, X., Violi, C., Lopez, C., & Djalali, A.
- Affiliations
- Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” (IT)
- Center for Research and Education in Emergency and Disaster Medicine – CRIMEDIM, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale
- Université de Lyon (FR)
- Research and Development, Viseo company, Paris, France
- isw Institute for Structural Policy and Economic Development, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Euskadiko Parke Teknologikoa (ES)
- Research and Development, Novareckon, Novara, Italy
- Corresponding author
- Djalali, Ahmadreza
- Venue
- European Journal of Emergency Medicine
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 366-370
- ISSN
- 0969-9546 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2339825015
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 3.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Emergency Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TECNALIA Publications (Fundación TECNALIA Research & Innovation) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Disaster Response and Management
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Disaster Management and Resilience
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
- Keywords
- hospital preparedness, emergency response, assessment instruments, tiers, emergency management, expert consensus, Delphi method, chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear threats
- MeSH terms
- Delphi Technique, Disaster Planning, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Hospital Planning, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Mass Casualty Incidents
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