Neural and hormonal regulation of pancreatic secretion
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The biology of the pancreas is exquisitely complex and involves both endocrine and exocrine functions that are regulated by an integrated array of neural and hormonal processes. This review discusses recent developments in the regulation of both endocrine and exocrine secretion from the pancreas. RECENT FINDINGS: New data suggest that cholecystokinin can stimulate neurons located in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Addressing a controversial topic, recent evidence suggests a direct secretory action of cholecystokinin on human acinar cells. An emerging concept is that some hormones and peptides such as melatonin, ghrelin, obestatin and leptin perform dual functions in the pancreas by regulating secretion and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. The regulation of pancreatic secretion by several appetite-controlling neuropeptides such as ghrelin, orexin A and neuropeptide Y is also discussed. Recent data highlight findings that mechanisms of hormone action may be different between species possibly due to a divergence in signaling pathways during evolution. SUMMARY: The regulation of the secretory function of the pancreas by numerous hormones suggests that there are multiple and perhaps redundant signals governing the control of this important organ. Understanding these diverse pathways is essential to the treatment of pancreatitis, diabetes and obesity.
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The islets of Langerhans account for only 1-2% of the entire pancreas.
“islets of Langerhans, which are small, island-like structures within the exocrine pancreatic tissue that account for only 1–2% of the entire organ (Figure 1).1”
From Pancreatic regulation of glucose homeostasis. (2016) · cites this paper as [1]
The Introduction says endocrine cells are assembled in islets scattered throughout the gland, supporting the description of islets within the pancreas. It gives a percentage for acinar cells, but does not say that islets account for 1–2% of the organ; searches for that figure and the endocrine pancreas’s share found no supporting passage. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Chandra, R., & Liddle, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Liddle, Rodger A
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 441-446
- ISSN
- 0267-1379 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2838392
- OpenAlex
- W1987278333
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (2r01dk038626-09)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK 38626, R37DK038626, R01DK064213, DK 064213)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- pancreatic secretion, neural regulation, hormonal regulation, cholecystokinin, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, acinar cells, melatonin, ghrelin, obestatin, leptin, orexin-A, neuropeptide Y, pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, obesity
- MeSH terms
- Cholecystokinin, Humans, Melatonin, Neuropeptides, Pancreas, Vagus Nerve, Leptin, Pancreas, Exocrine, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Ghrelin
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