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Cited by 54Grief, Bereavement, and Mental HealthMental Health Treatment and AccessTreatment of Major Depression

Recurrence of Depression After Bereavement-Related Depression: Evidence for the Validity of DSM-IV Bereavement Exclusion From the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study

Wakefield, Jerome C., Schmitz, Mark F.·2012·The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
DOI 10.1097/nmd.0b013e318248213f
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Abstract

The DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder exclude bereavement-related depressive episodes that are brief and lack certain severe symptoms and are thus better explained as normal grief responses. However, the DSM-5 Task Force proposes to eliminate this exclusion because of a lack of evidence that such episodes differ relevantly from standard major depression. Using the two-wave longitudinal Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, we compared 1-yr depression recurrence rates at wave 2 of four groups at wave 1 baseline: (1) those with no history of depressive disorder (n = 18,239), (2) those who had only lifetime excludable bereavement-related depression (n = 25), (3) those with brief-episode (≤ 2 months duration) lifetime standard depressive disorder (n = 446), and (4) those with nonbrief lifetime standard depressive disorder (n = 581). The recurrence rate in the excludable-depression group (3.7%) was not significantly different from the no-history group (1.7%) but was significantly and substantially lower than in the brief and nonbrief standard depression groups (14.4% and 16.2%, respectively). These findings confirm findings reported by Mojtabai (Arch Gen Psychiatry 68:920-928, 2011) using a different data set and time frame and thus substantially strengthen the support for the validity of bereavement exclusion and for its preservation in the DSM-5.

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  • The risk of subsequent depressive episodes during follow-up was significantly lower in people with baseline bereavement-related versus non-bereavement-related major depression.

    “the risk of subsequent depressive episodes during a period of follow-up was significantly lower in people with baseline bereavement-related versus non-bereavement-related major depression”

    From Mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders in the ICD-11: an international perspective on key changes and controversies (2020) · cites this paper as [49]

  • The ICD-11 approach to the bereavement issue is supported by longitudinal prospective studies, and the DSM-5 approach is disproved by them.

    “The ICD-11 approach to the bereavement issue has been supported (and the DSM-5 approach has been disproved) by longitudinal prospective studies documenting that the risk of subsequent depressive episodes during a period of follow-up was significantly lower in people with baseline bereavement-related versus non-bereavement-related major depression, and not different in the bereaved group than among”

    From Mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders in the ICD-11: an international perspective on key changes and controversies (2020) · cites this paper as [49]

  • The risk of subsequent depressive episodes during follow-up was not different in the bereaved group than among controls without a history of depressive episodes.

    “and not different in the bereaved group than among controls without a history of depressive episodes [48, 49]”

    From Mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders in the ICD-11: an international perspective on key changes and controversies (2020) · cites this paper as [49]

  • The ICD-11 approach to bereavement has been supported by longitudinal prospective studies reporting that risk of subsequent depressive episodes in individuals with baseline bereavement-related depression was not different from people without history of depression at baseline, and significantly lower than individuals with baseline non-bereavement-related depression.

    “The ICD-11 approach to this issue has been supported by longitudinal prospective studies 48,49 , reporting that the risk of subsequent depressive episodes in individuals with baseline bereavement-related depression was not different from people without a history of depression at baseline, and significantly lower than individuals with baseline non-bereavement-related depression, suggesting that”

    From An organization‐ and category‐level comparison of diagnostic requirements for mental disorders in <scp>ICD</scp> ‐11 and <scp>DSM</scp> ‐5 (2021) · cites this paper as [49]

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Authors
Wakefield, J. C., & Schmitz, M. F.
Affiliations
  • Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
  • New York University (US)
Corresponding author
Wakefield, Jerome C.
ORCID
Wakefield, Jerome C.
Venue
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2012-06
Volume
200
Issue
6
Pages
480-485
ISSN
0022-3018 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1097/nmd.0b013e318248213f
OpenAlex
W2065572164
Cited by
54
References
18
Citations by year
2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 7
FWCI
13.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords
depression recurrence, DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, bereavement exclusion, normal grief, major depressive disorder, Epidemiologic Catchment Area study
MeSH terms
Bereavement, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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