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Critical Reflection on Using ChatGPT in Student Learning: Benefits or Potential Risks?
Abstract
Chan, Maggie Mee Kie DHSc, RN; Wong, Isaac Shing Fun; Yau, Sui Ying; Lam, Veronica Suk Fun DN, MHA, RN, RM Author Information
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“Over-reliance on external sources, including generative AI tools, without personal engagement and active learning, can hinder the development of essential skills and the depth of knowledge required for academic success (Chan et al., 2023).”
From Is it harmful or helpful? Examining the causes and consequences of generative AI usage among university students (2024) · cites this paper as Chan et al., 2023
Citations
Cites
The ChatGPT Storm and What Faculty Can Do
Sun, G. H., & Hoelscher, S. H. (2023) · Nurse Educator · doi:10.1097/nne.0000000000001390 · Cited by 305
Winkle, L. J. V., Thornock, B. O., Schwartz, B. D., Horst, A., Fisher, J. A., & Michels, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.976863 · Cited by 14
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Abbas, M., Jam, F. A., & Khan, T. I. (2024) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-024-00444-7 · Cited by 531
“Over-reli-ance on external sources, including generative AI tools, without personal engagement and active learning, can hinder the development of essential skills and the depth of knowledge required for academic success (Chan et al., 2023).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Influence of ChatGPT on Student Engagement: A Systematic Review and Future Research Agenda
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Jamal, A. A., Solaiman, M., Alhasan, K. A., Temsah, M.-H. A., & Sayed, G. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.43036 · Cited by 54
Yalcinkaya, T., & Cinar Yucel, S. (2024) · Nurse Education in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103956 · Cited by 39
Hardie, P. R., Darley, A., Derwin, R., Eustace-Cook, J., Kearns, S., Brien, B. M., Siddiquee, A., Zheng, D., & Mooney, M. (2026) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-04253-9 · Cited by 52
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Using ChatGPT in Nursing: Scoping Review of Current Opinions
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Zhang, F., Liu, X., Wu, W., & Zhu, S. (2024) · JMIR Medical Education · doi:10.2196/54987 · Cited by 34
How Learners’ Trust Changes in Generative AI over a Semester of Undergraduate Courses
Song, D. (2024) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-024-00446-6 · Cited by 28
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Nursing Education: A Scoping Review
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Chang, C., & Su, W. (2025) · Journal of Nursing Education · doi:10.3928/01484834-20250129-05 · Cited by 18
Abbas, M., Khan, T. I., & Jam, F. A. (2025) · Journal of Academic Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10805-025-09659-3 · Cited by 15
Improving biology learning in high school with ChatGPT: A case study in Morocco
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Academic Nurse Educators’ Ethical Concerns About the Use of GenAI in Nursing Education
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Yan, X., Wang, Z., Chen, O., & Guo, Y. (2026) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2026.107217 · Cited by 4
Use of ChatGPT as a supplemental learning tool in mathematics
Sosas, M. R. D., Fat, A. F. G., Dangculos, J. M. M., Anoba, H. R. P., Remiscal, C. G., & Aleguen, J. M. (2026) · Contemporary Mathematics and Science Education · doi:10.30935/conmaths/17989 · Cited by 6
Investigating the Effectiveness and Benefits and Challenges of ChatGPT as a Learning Tool
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Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Using ChatGPT in a Written Assignment
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Student chatbot use and perceptions in a course assignment: Comparing two geomatics courses
Hochmair, H. H. (2025) · Geomatica · doi:10.1016/j.geomat.2025.100079 · Cited by 1
Ban, J.-J., Qi, H., Wang, N., Guo, H.-M., & Tang, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1789446 · Cited by 1
Yang, J., Hu, P., & Du, J. (2026) · International Conference on Computer Science and Technologies in Education (CSTE) · doi:10.1109/cste69562.2026.11649670
Li, X., Chong, H. G., Zhang, M., Delgado, J., Macieira, T. G. R., Rossetti, S. C., Chen, L. A., Hui, V. C. C., Gosak, L., Chu, C. H., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2026.105722
Metadata
- Authors
- Chan, M. M. K., Wong, I. S. F., Yau, S. Y., & Lam, V. S. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Chan, Maggie Mee Kie
- Venue
- Nurse Educator
- Published
- 2023-06-20
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- E200-E201
- ISSN
- 0363-3624 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-9855
- OpenAlex
- W4381715627
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 1.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nurse Educator (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Social Sciences › Education › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Social Sciences › Education › Innovations in Medical Education
- Keywords
- ChatGPT, large language models, student learning, critical reflection, artificial intelligence in education, nursing education
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Students, Nursing Education Research
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